Oprah Winfrey Talk Show Furror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oprah Winfrey Talk Show Furror - Essay Example The talk shows like any other new television genre were an assortment of old programming forms; many of them were aired at daytime. They were mostly geared towards women issues and their roots can be traced back to Arthur Godfrey and Art Linkletter. The shows also reflected their times; Phil Donahue daytime talk show began at the inception of the women’s movement. He tackled women’s issues such as artificial insemination, sexism and homosexuality and was capable of breaking the barrier between the host and the audience. However, his popularity dwindled when Oprah Winfrey began her show in 1983. Use of therapeutic sensibility gave her an advantage over Donahue. The style used by Oprah was unique; she focused on revealing problems, improvement of self-esteem, use of empathy as a cure and empowering women. She wept openly, hugged guests, and said goodbye to each of the member of the studio audience in person. She was able to walk in between the races (cultural bilingualism) thus she was capable of having a coalition of audiences. Imitators of Oprah emerged as her success became evident and they employed similar skills as hers; even Donahue was tackling similar topics like Oprah’s. A survey done on the talk shows by Michigan State University Researchers revealed similar characteristics in all the talk shows. There was a feeling of little attention and credit among the supporters of these shows for their contribution in neglected matters such as family dysfunction and race. The shows were characterized by traditional values and conventional view of morality; a show heavily influenced by empathy for victims. Political influence in these shows cannot be ignored. Clinton appeared in Donahue in a talk-show presidency during the 1992 campaigns; a similar talk-show was done with H. Ross Perot and George Bush in the same year. The key point of these shows was to persuade the victims/audience to feel their pain as a

Organizational Buyer Behavior and Buyer-Seller Relationships Essay Example for Free

Organizational Buyer Behavior and Buyer-Seller Relationships Essay Business to business marketing also known as Industrial marketing is the marketing of goods services to organizations including commercial enterprises, government and other profit non-profit institutions for use in the goods services they in turn produce for resale to other customers or to facilitate the operation of their enterprise (Reeder, Brierty, 2002). Business to business market is characterized by few customers who buy in very large quantities and are geographically concentrated. The customers are professional and rational in their purchase approach. The nature of demand is derived demand, which is usually customized. The channels of distribution are shorter and there is more emphasis on personal face-to-face communication. In this era of globalization the business environment is characterized by intense competition. To sustain and grow in such a competitive economic environment, business organizations are under tremendous pressure to manufacture a product or provide a service that is of optimum quality, is customized to individual customer requirements and is delivered on time at minimum possible price. The role of the suppliers is crucial in helping the business organizations to achieve this objective. To succeed and grow in such business to business markets business marketers need to understand the Business Buyer Behavior and evolve close, enduring and long-term relationships. Business Buyer Behavior Understanding the dynamics of business buying behavior including the organizational buying process, the types of buying situations, forces influencing the organization buyer behavior, the composition of the buying center and the motives and the roles played by each member of the buying center is crucial for business marketers to identify profitable market segments, locate the various buying influences within these segments and reaching these buyers efficiently and effectively with product or service offerings that satisfy their needs. The Organizational Buying Process The organizational buying behavior is a process rather than an isolated program. It involves comprehensive phases or stages. The process begins with the recognition of a need for a product or service by someone in the company. Broad parameters for the desired product/service are then worked out. Detailed specifications and description for the desired product or service are developed. Once the company has defined the product /service it needs then the search for potential suppliers who can meet the needs begins, alternative suppliers are identified, asked to submit their proposals and the proposals analyzed. The short-listed suppliers are invited for negotiations and the final suppliers are selected. The order is then placed with the selected suppliers on the agreed terms. Finally the performance of the firms supplying the required products/ services is reviewed periodically. The buying process stage of the potential buyer for the seller’s product or service will have a major implication on the marketing approach to be adopted by the seller. Types of Buying Situations There are basically three major types of buying situations, namely the straight rebuy, modified rebuy and new-task buy. In a straight rebuy situation the buyer reorders a product or service without any modifications on a routine basis through the purchase department. In a modified rebuy situation the buyer may wish a modification in product/service specifications, prices, terms of supply etc. This situation usually involves more number of participants in the buying decision process. In a new task buying situation the company is buying a product or service for the first time. In such a situation the organization buying process is more complex and involves many more number of participants from different departments in the organization. The buying company also needs to decide on the product/service specifications, prices, delivery terms, order quantities, service terms etc. Forces Influencing Business Buying Behavior The organization buying behavior is influenced by environmental forces like changes in the domestic and global economy and changes in the technologies. The rapid strides made in information technology especially Internet technology has had a major influence in the way businesses buy. For example most of the small and large business organizations buy computer systems from Dell through its well developed website www. ell. com. Organization buying behavior is also influenced by the organizational forces like centralization and decentralization of purchase and strategic role and priorities of purchase prevalent in the given organization. The group forces influencing behavior include the composition, motives and the roles played by each member of the buying center. Buying Center It is the decision-making uni t of a buying organization and comprises of all members of the organization who are involved in the buying decision process. The members of the buying center will change depending on the product/service being purchased and the buying situation in which it is being purchased. The buying center members may play any one or a combination of the five roles namely, users, influencers, buyers, deciders and gatekeepers. Users are the members who will actually use the product being offered. Influencers are members who influence the purchase. Buyers are members who have the formal authority to make the purchase. Deciders are members who have formal or informal power to select/approve the final suppliers. Gatekeepers are members who control the flow of information from the seller to other members of the buying center. The buying motives/objectives of each member of the buying center through which the members evaluate potential suppliers may differ. The motives may include task oriented objectives such as price, quality, service and Return on Investment and non-task oriented objectives such as recognition, promotion, increments and job security. Companies involved in business to business marketing need to clearly identify the buying situation, the stage or the phase in the buying decision making process for the product being offered, the various forces influencing the buying organizations behavior, the composition of the buying center, the role played by each member of the buying center and the criteria on which they evaluate the suppliers for each individual customer. Based on such an understanding they should evolve suitable marketing strategies for success. For example Unilever the British FMCG major may need new high-speed packaging equipment for its innovation in detergent ‘small mighty’. Companies in the business of packaging equipment need to understand that it is a new task buy situation for Unilever. And the company may be in the need identification stage of the buying process. They need to have closer relationship with the members from different functional areas like operations, engineering, design, finance and purchase who may comprise the buying center, understand the motives of purchase and the role played by each member. This is crucial because each of this buyer behavior characteristic will have an implication on the buying decision process at Unilever. This will help the supplier to evolve suitable marketing strategies to be the favoured supplier of Unilever. Relationship emphasis in Business to Business Marketing In the highly competitive environment that is prevalent today, suppliers have evolved into business partners. There is a major emphasis on close and long-term relationships in the business to business markets. To maintain the relationships, business markets must develop an intimate knowledge of the customers and add value to it. Relationship marketing centers on all marketing activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining successful exchanges with customers (Morgan, Hunt, 1994). A strong relationship between the buyer and the seller is a win-win situation for both. The seller will have a competitive advantage over his competition and the buyer will have effective business solutions to his problem. The relationships between the buyer and the seller in the business to business setup are positioned on a spectrum with transactional exchanges on one end and collaborative exchanges at the other extreme with value-added exchanges in the middle. Transactional Exchanges focus on timely exchange of a product/service for a competitive price. Economy and necessity are the main motivational factors of such exchanges with little interest on the part of the buyer or the seller to extend the relationship. Such types of exchanges may be preferred by the buying organization when the purchase decision is not complex, the purchase is considered to be less significant to the achievement of its objectives, many suppliers are available and the supply market is stable. Here the business marketer need not make any specialized investment in building relationships. For example the supply of office stationery and cleaning services may call for a transactional relationship. Value added exchanges focus on complete understanding of the present and future needs of the customer and meeting those needs better than the competitor by customizing the firm’s offerings to the needs of individual customers. For example Intel Corporation, a leading player in the semiconductor industry has understood the changing computer server needs of it corporate clients and has developed and introduced a new chip that lowers electricity consumption to a very great extent. This has drastically reduced the huge electricity bills of its customers like Google Corporation that maintain thousands of servers world wide (Edwards, 2006) Collaborative Exchanges focus on building a strong social, economic, service and technical ties over a long period of time for mutual benefit through reduced costs and increased value. Such exchanges are very crucial when the market is very dynamic, the complexity of purchase is very high and the product/service being purchased is very crucial for the performance of the end product of the buying organization. In such situations the switching costs involved in changing a supplier are also very high for the buying organization. For example Asin is the sole supplier to the Japanese car manufacturing major Toyota Motors for â€Å"p-valve†, a critical brake part used in all Toyota vehicles worldwide. Aisin works in very close collaboration with Toyota Motors and is highly involved in the product development process at Toyota Motors to keep pace with the innovations being made in the Toyota vehicles and meet the JIT production requirements of Toyota (Liker, 2004). Business Marketers have some flexibility in deciding where to participate along the relationship continuum. It basically depends on the characteristics of the market, the type and price of product/service being offered and the significance of product/service being offered to the buying organization. However rival companies are continuously working towards taking away the best accounts and so also the requirements, expectations and the preferences of the individual customers keeps changing continuously. To meet these challenges business marketers must develop mutually beneficial relationships with individual customers by developing a deep understanding of their needs. Information should be openly shared to benefit both the buyer and the seller. The systems, procedures, and routines of the buyer and seller should be connected to facilitate operations. There should be very good cooperation between the buyer and seller and both should treat the buying situations as joint responsibilities. Both the buyer and seller should invest in processes and procedures that are necessary to meet the specific needs of the exchange partners. Such mutually beneficial relationships between the buyer and the seller will result in better service to the business customer as the seller will be able to provide customized product/service solutions that precisely meet the individual customer needs. Conclusion Business to business markets are growing in volume as compared to consumer markets. The characteristics of the Business to business markets call for closer buyer seller relationships. Companies operating in the Business to business markets should clearly study the organizational buyer behavior with respect to the product or service they offer. They should decide on the type of relationship, ranging from transactional exchange to collaborative exchange, which they should adopt with each customer to gain competitive advantage in the intensively competitive business environment.

Plan for launching a sugarcane juice

Plan for launching a sugarcane juice This report explains the marketing plan for launching a sugarcane Juice named Freezy. This product has been made by the Freshwater. In the very beginning of the report we have explained the mission and vision of the Sugarcane juice and then we have further carried out our activities to achieve our goals and objectives. It will be introduced in the market with the help of various promotional displays, advertisement and distribution of free samples to the general public and financial institution. This report examines that this product is initially launching in Whole Pakistan domestic market. The study included both primary and secondary research. We have conducted SWOT analysis of the company to see the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Then we have explained the purposes, benefits and objectives of our product. Then we have made marketing strategies for our product. We have divided market into different segments and decided to target the male, female, youngster mature and old age person. We have also paid special attention to the packaging, color and price of the product. We have decided to place the product in all the markets of Pakistan. We will promote our product through electronic media, print media, cable, and outdoor sources. We shall also conduct a market survey in future to know the opinion of public about our product and developed our product accordingly to our customers changing needs and demands. Description of the Company Freezy is the brand name of new juice launched by Freshwater in Pakistan. Freshwater is founded in 2010 with the launching of their first product named as Freezy. High capital investments are involved in new business. We have started this business to produce new products and to monopolize the market through our products. Our target products in which we are specialized are juices. So we will produce new and new type of juices in different flavors which already doesnt exist in the market. After observing the high consumption of sugar cane juices at the roadside sellers of non-purified sugar cane juice, we realized the need for sugar cane juice because for long period of time there was no entry in the market as sugar cane juice in the form of disposable bottle packing. We are launching our product throughout the Pakistan except some cold climate areas. Mission Statement To refresh the people of all ages with our product. We want to be at the top in the field of juices and breweries. Vision To evolve as one of the best Producer of quality sugarcane which is organically, grown extract juice scientifically and, serve totally natural healthy and hygienic DESI refreshment in the world and continue to retain the position. Product Our product is basically a sugarcane juice in a bottle pack. The product will be enjoying a monopoly in the market as there is no existing sugarcane juice in the form of disposable bottle in the market but if we see as overall market than there is no monopoly for this juice because this juice is been sold on the roadsides by crushing the sugar cans with machines in the glass. Sugar cane juice is a healthy alternative to refined sugar. While both sweeteners are made from sugar cane, evaporated cane juice does not undergo the same degree of processing that refined sugar does. Therefore, unlike refined sugar, it retains more of the nutrients found in sugar cane. Sugar cane juice is a highly refreshing drink. It contains about 15 per cent natural sugar and is rich in organic salts and vitamins. Fresh sugar cane juice has no preservatives, however its tendency to turn black from oxidation soon after pressing is very high, so to secure from oxidation we should pack in air tight di sposable bottle packaging. Current Situation Market Analysis Market Definition: Demographic and Geographic segmentation: Age: 3+ Years Gender: Both male and female. Income: All social classes except lower lower. Geographic: We are targeting all of the Pakistan except some of the northern areas in Pakistan Market Needs In summer people of all ages take soft drinks and juices to reduce their thirst. So Sugarcane juice in disposable bottle pack is highly demanded by customers because it reduces the thirst and it is useful for healthy life because it is hygienic and pure. So when it is highly available at affordable price at everywhere customers will use Sugarcane juice than soft drinks because it has no side effects and it is safe. Total population As our current target is the whole country Pakistan other than some northern areas so total population will be almost 100+ million people. Potential market As if we take a look at the market of Pakistan huge number of people are interested in consuming liquid products as their daily usage products like juices. The sugar cane juice is available on the roadsides but they are not much purified which is block between the juice and the upper class customers which are basically loyal to quality specially. So the probability of marketing Sugarcane juice to potential customer as upper class or quality loyal customer will be high. If we look overall our potential customer are almost all of the people in the country from lower middle class to upper middle class except the northern areas because people are not much demanding the frosty drinks there. Market segmentation Selecting Target Market: According to market segmentation our target market are the people of almost all the classes starting from lower upper to upper class. As according to the demographics people use to drink the sugarcane juice in the summer season. As this product is particularly for summer season because it only taste well in hot climate. And consuming it in winter doesnt suits the mind of people because people tend to consume hot products like coffee and tea. Our less focus areas are the northern areas because throughout the year those areas are having cold climates. Our Target Market based on demographics Includes: Individuals with age 3 years and above Individuals across all income groups Working and non working individuals Students Institutions and offices Restaurants and hotels Psychographic Segmentation: According to psychographic segmentation we targeted people who are: Health conscious customers Customers who have preference towards Nature and natural products Quality conscious customers Customers who have diverse tastes and Seek variety Non users and potential users Competitor: Our competitors are the roadside sellers of sugar cane juice. But the substitute products are another big competitive force affecting our product in the market. Substitute competitors include Manufacturers and producers of: Branded and unbranded fruit juices. Fruit based milk drinks. Natural mineral water. Fruit shakes. These substitute products are totally different in nature from the sugar cane juice but still its a substitute because these are also cold juices. There are some factors which differ allot between our juice and roadside juice sellers juice who are the main competitor of FREEZY Juice: We are different from roadside sellers because Our juice is a purified and quality assured product. We offer juice in a sealed bottle packing where as roadside sellers are delivering the product in the glasses. We have quality standards and can turn customers from the road to our outlet through effective marketing strategies. Due to lack of packing roadside sellers are not easily available everywhere. Whereas our product is available in every general store in almost all the target cites in Pakistan. Market trends: In target market there is trend of soft drinks and juices. People use juices to have a fit life and also to serve their guests as well. Because juices are hygienic and nutritious and have a good taste then soft drinks. In summer its usage is more so the availability should be increased to meet the demand of customers. Summary of Situation Analysis: SWOT Analysis: Internal: Strength: First opportunity that we enjoy is that we are playing a monopoly in the means of sugar cane juice in the form of packing in Pakistan. As for first producer of sugar cane juice in bottle packing in Pakistan we can make our customer loyal to our product in the means of brand, quality, price etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. by making effective marketing strategies. Weaknesses : As the juice is fresh and no artificial flavors are used in the production of the juice. So juice has not long lasting life. The life of juice is 15 days which creates barriers for not buying juices in bulk for home use. External: Opportunity As for new product in the market we can make huge number of profits from the market. We can introduce flavored sugarcane juices. E.g., mint and ginger flavor etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This in results can increase the sales to earn more profits to the organization. We can export our product to foreign country in order to earn more profit. Threats Due to growth in inflation rate in Pakistan the intermediary goods are getting expensive which lead to an increase in price in future and increase in price leads to a loss of customer from the most lower class of our target market and price conscious customers as well, and may affect sales by turning to substitute and competitive goods. Our product is especially for summers so there is low number of sales in winter season. So high marketing costs are required to increase sales in winter season. There are no many entry barriers so a large numbers of local juices enter in juices market. Marketing Strategies: Product: Core benefit Core benefit means the services and benefits the customer is really buying. Our customer fulfills its need of thrust and refreshment by buying our freezy juice. Juice as being a pure sugarcane juice without any artificial flavors is also a core benefit of our product Augmented product Products that include deign, features and packaging that go beyond consumer expectations and differentiate the product from competitors. Our juice taste and flavor is according to the customer expectations because we provide 100% pure juice. We have no compromise with quality Following things include in the sale of product: Design The design of sugarcane juice that it will be in attractive and stylish disposable bottle pack in following size: 250ml 500ml 1000ml Features The features of our product are: Use full for healthy life Good in taste Help to digest food Everyday Energy Available in different flavors in future. Packaging: Our product will be in disposable bottle packaging and is air tight sealed so the juice could survive for some period of time. The design of our packing is attractive and eye catching. Price: The price of the product can also influence the buying behavior of the consumers because in Pakistan there are different level of classes based on the income difference so price is the one of the important factor, some of the consumer can afford the price and others cant, so we must set the price of the product that is afforded by all the social classes of the region. So we use penetration pricing strategy. If we look at the middle middle till lower lower class in Pakistan all of the people are highly price conscious. Price Structure (Consumer price): 250ml Rs.20 500 ml Rs.35 1000ml Rs.60 Distribution: The place of the distribution and availability of the product also influence the buying behavior because if the product is in reach of the consumer he will prefer it and if it is hard to find the product in the market he will never buy that product. So we have effective distribution strategies by making distributors in every city and provided them with number of facilities like order bookers and sales persons and a supervisor. And we allow our distributors to supply product to both wholesalers and retailers. Because of this our product will be available at more shops and our sales will increase. Distribution Channel: Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Wholesaler Promotional Strategies: The promotion of the product i.e. the advertisement, sales promotion and other promotional tools can change the buying behavior because some of the individuals highly influenced by the advertisement of the product. We have decided to use integrated marketing communication in which there will be blend of different marketing promotional tools that will convey clear and consistent message of our product to the customers. These Promotional tools which are given below: Newspapers: Newspaper has the widest readership and circulation among our targeted market; these would carry most of the advertisements for the publication media. Also, the print ads will be published in other much read newspapers like be designed, i.e. half page and quarter page. Television: Tele commercials will be aired on sports channels and news channels as the viewer ship Of these channels is highly common among the targeted market. Billboards: Billboards will be placed at busy roads in big cities. Billboards will be our most permanent and long lasting form of advertisement. Promotional Vans and Activities: Promotional vans would be deployed on public places which would distribute sugar cane juice for free giving out the message of being an instant energy drink. This campaign of free sampling would last for three months at least in order to make people aware of the benefits and the attributes. Also all the delivery vans distributor have will be printed by the advertisement of Freezy juice. Promotional Activities includes the display of juice in the retail shops by paying retailers or giving discount on the juice. And deploying stalls outside or inside the shop so to bring in the product to the customers who came to the retail shop for purchasing and create awareness in them for the purchase of Freezy Sugar cane juice.

Harvey Keitel: The Art Of Darkness :: essays research papers

Harvey Keitel: The Art of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harvey Keitel was born in Brooklyn, New York, on May 13, 1939. Harvey was the youngest of 3 children, one brother and one sister. Harvey’s childhood was rough. He spent most of his times on the streets of New York. He was raised in a rather bad neighborhood, and he began to hang out with a local gang. Although things were bad, every summer he would go to Coney Island, climb rocks, and fish. He was a normal child raised in a very dangerous place, but he knew what was the right thing and what was the wrong thing to do. Although he was in a gang, he never really got himself into much trouble.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of 16, Harvey Keitel did not know what to do with his life, so he decided to enlist in the Marines. Harvey was stationed in Lebanon, and stayed there for his 3 year term. When Harvey got out of the Marines in 1959, he was still unsure of what he wanted to do for a living. For the time being, he began a job as a shoe salesman. About a year later from selling shoes, Harvey began to take an interest in becoming an actor. He began to try out for part in off Broadway plays. Stella Adler and Strasberg found promise in Harvey Keitel, and they began to teach him ways to become a better actor. Even under these two stars wings, finding work was still very hard for Harvey. He did find some job opportunities in very off Broadway plays. While Harvey Keitel was a very good actor, it did not look like he was going to be going anywhere with acting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harvey Keitel was about to give up on acting altogether, but he decided to give it a second chance when he answered a newspaper ad by Martin Scorsese, who at the time, was a NYU student looking for actors for his thesis work, Who’s That Knocking On My Door?. When Harvey and Martin met, they became fast friends, and have stayed friends since than. Keitel has worked with Scorsese many times since than, and only Robert De Niro has worked with Scorsese more than Keitel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Things were looking good for Harvey Keitel, but his career took a downfall when he was passed over for a role in Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now.

Historical Foundations of the United States Constitution Essay

The United States Constitution is an extremely valuable document .The constitution assisted in creating our modern day United States; The constitution assisted in establishing our administration giving inhabitants privileges and liberty. The Constitution was put in place to give citizens a voice on how the country should be run and to establish laws and principles. There were five manuscripts that were very important in establishing the constitution, (A)The Magna Carta,1215 (B) The Mayflower Compact 1620, (c) The Declaration of Independence 1776, and (D) The Articles of confederation 1777 and (E) The Federalists Papers 1787-1788. The first document was the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta of 1215 was an English Contract whose sole reason was to create boundaries for administrative power. The significant charter was thought to be one of the most significant manuscripts in the founding of equality. The Magna Carta had a profound impact that is plainly observed in the government’s bill of rights and our Constitution. This charter believed that a person was not guilty until the evidence proved that they were guilty. The Magna Carta also stated that a person should have knowledge about the accusations that is placed on them; additional beliefs were people will have the entitlements to have the ruling of their peers prior to sentencing and the entitlements to have a lawyer speak on their behalf. The Magna Carta was written to make sure everyone had equal rights. The next on record was the Mayflower Compact of 1620. The Mayflower Compact was created and autographed on November 11, 1620. The Mayflower compact was created because when the settlers came to what was called the new world they did not have and guidelines or rules to go by the mayflower compact was put in place while awaiting legitimate administration was created. This record was the basis of the united .States Constitution, for the reason that it was the number one form of administration in the united .States .territory. The mayflower compact gave the settlers entitlements, but was governed by the king of England. This type of administration was short lived. The third document was the Declaration of Independence of 1776. This very important manuscript was created to detach the settlements from the country of England. The Declaration of Independence contained five sections the statement of human rights, charges against the ruler and assembly, the preamble, charges against human rights and the statement of separation and signatures. The Declaration of Independence gave the settlements self-government. The Declaration of Independence stated that the settlers had life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and that all men were created equal. This is inscribed in the constitution. This is the foundation of our present day government. The fourth document is the Articles of Confederation of 1781. The settlements were now federations and they were approved. In the Articles of Confederation there are three branches of government, the judicial, the legislative and the executive branch. The judicial branch gives congress important responsibility to decide the form and construction of the federal judiciary. The Legislative branch contains the House of Representatives and the senate which shaped congress. The executive branch contains the president of the United States and performs as the head of state. Although the administration was just starting to work they were still frail. This caused the government to start over and re- created the Articles of Confederation which became our Constitution. The Articles of Confederation was a very important part of our constitution. The last document is the Federalists Papers of 1787-1788. These papers were created to encourage electorates to approve the constitution. There are about 85 papers that will clarify in part the way our latest administration should precede and the reason why the people should elect to have it. It was unsure who created the federalist Papers but it was believed that John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison provided the majority of the essays. In order to comprehend the constitution it is a good idea to read these essays first. In conclusion In order to learn how our United States Constitution was born it is a good idea to read these five documents. This will open a window on the reason why the constitution was created and how it was created. This will show how the modern day government was created. These documents did not have large parts in how the constitution became the constitution. If we did not have these individual documents are country may not have equality or we may not be able to voice our own opinions.

Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles

Revision Session for Marketing MKG1001 1. Marketing? Chapter 1 When you market you match your business and your product or service to your customer’s needs and wants What is the difference between Selling & Marketing? What is the difference between customer focused and selling focused? What is your USP? How do you identify the needs of your customers? 2. Market Research Chapter 3 Know about and understand: low cost market research your competitor – both direct & indirect that competition is good how to use research to quantify the market size the importance of knowing everything about your customer the difference between Secondary and Primary Data Market Information systems 6 step research process – Identify Problem, Conduct Situation analysis, Informal Evaluation – Secondary Research, Formal investigation – Primary Research, Analyze Data, Conduct Follow Up Research the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research that market research is the beginning of fostering client relationships 3. Market Segmentation & Positioning Chapter 4 Know and understand: market segmentation the importance of your target market segmentation categories – Geographic, Demographic, Psychographics, Behavior, Product Benefits, Product Usage that segmentation process must be – measurable & obtainable, with the market large enough and accessible the 10 Value Segments of Customer positioning the perceptual maps of positioning – value vs. quality etc the positioning according to Competition, Company, customers and using the Marketing Mix 4. Marketing Mix Chapter 7 Know and understand: Marketing Mix the 4 P’s how to use the 4 P’s to differentiate... Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles Revision Session for Marketing MKG1001 1. Marketing? Chapter 1 When you market you match your business and your product or service to your customer’s needs and wants What is the difference between Selling & Marketing? What is the difference between customer focused and selling focused? What is your USP? How do you identify the needs of your customers? 2. Market Research Chapter 3 Know about and understand: low cost market research your competitor – both direct & indirect that competition is good how to use research to quantify the market size the importance of knowing everything about your customer the difference between Secondary and Primary Data Market Information systems 6 step research process – Identify Problem, Conduct Situation analysis, Informal Evaluation – Secondary Research, Formal investigation – Primary Research, Analyze Data, Conduct Follow Up Research the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research that market research is the beginning of fostering client relationships 3. Market Segmentation & Positioning Chapter 4 Know and understand: market segmentation the importance of your target market segmentation categories – Geographic, Demographic, Psychographics, Behavior, Product Benefits, Product Usage that segmentation process must be – measurable & obtainable, with the market large enough and accessible the 10 Value Segments of Customer positioning the perceptual maps of positioning – value vs. quality etc the positioning according to Competition, Company, customers and using the Marketing Mix 4. Marketing Mix Chapter 7 Know and understand: Marketing Mix the 4 P’s how to use the 4 P’s to differentiate...

Computer and Internet Terms in Spanish

Computer and Internet Terms in Spanish If you travel to a country where Spanish is spoken, chances are that sooner or later youll be using a computer, probably to use the Internet, or possibly for study or business. For English speakers, the Spanish of computers and the Internet can be surprisingly easy - in areas of technology, many English words have been adopted into Spanish, and many English words in the sciences come to us via Latin or Greek, also sources of Spanish words. Even so, Spanish vocabulary related to computers and the Internet remains in a state of flux: Some purists have objected to the direct import of English words, so while sometimes a computer mouse will be referred to simply as a mouse (pronounced as maus), sometimes the word ratà ³n is used. And some words are used in different ways by different people and publications; for example, youll see references both to la Internet (because of the word for the network, red, is feminine) and el Internet (because new words in the language typically are masculine by default). And frequently internet is left uncapitalized. These qualifications should be kept in mind if using the following list of computer and Internet terms. Although the terms given here are all used by Spanish speakers somewhere, the word choice may depend on the region and the preference of the individual speaker. In some cases, there also may be alternatives or spellings that arent listed here. In most cases, imported English words related to technology tend to keep the English pronunciation or something approximating it. Spanish Computer Terms A-L address (in email or on a website) - la direccià ³napp  -   la  app (the word is feminine), la aplicacià ³nat symbol () - la arrobabackslash (\) - la barra invertida, la barra inversa, la contrabarrabackup - la copia de seguridad (verb, hacer una copia/archivo de seguridad)bandwidth - la amplitud de bandabattery - la pilabookmark - el favorito, el marcador, el marcapginasboot (verb)  -   iniciar,  prender, encenderbrowser - el navegador (web), el browserbug - el fallo, el error, el bugbutton (as on a mouse) - el botà ³nbyte, kilobyte, megabyte - byte, kilobyte, megabytecable - el cablecache  -   el cachà ©, la memoria cachecard - la tarjetaCD-ROM - CD-ROMclick (noun) - el clicclick (verb) - hacer clic, cliquear, presionar, pulsarcomputer - la computadora (sometimes el computador), el ordenadorcookie (used in browsers)  -   la cookiecrash (verb)  -   colgarse, bloquearsecursor - el cursorcut and paste - cortar y pegardata - los datosdesk top (of a computer screen) - el escritorio, la pantalladigital - digitaldomain - el dominiodot (in Internet addresses) - el puntodownload - descargardriver - el controlador de dispositivo, el driveremail (noun)  - el correo electrà ³nico, el email (plural los emails)email (verb)  -   enviar correo electrà ³nico, enviar por correo electrà ³nico, emailearerase, delete - borrarfile - el archivofirewall  -   el contrafuegos, el firewallflash memory - la memoria flashfolder - la carpetafrequently asked questions, FAQ - las preguntas ms frecuentes, las preguntas de uso frecuente, las preguntas (ms) comunes, las FAQ, las PUFGoogle (as a verb)  -   googlearhard drive - el disco durohertz, megahertz, gigahertz - hertz, megahertz, gigahertzhigh resolution - resolucià ³n alta, definicià ³n altahome page - la pgina inicial, la pgina principal, la portadaicon - el iconoinstall - instalarInternet - la internet, el internet, la Redkey (of a keyboard) - la tec lakeyboard - el tecladokeyword - la palabra clavelaptop (computer) - el plegable, la computadora porttil, el ordenador porttilLCD - LCDlink - el enlace, la conexià ³n, el và ­nculo Spanish Computer Terms M-Z memory - la memoriamenu - el menà ºmessage - el mensajemodem - el mà ³demmouse - el ratà ³n, el mousemultitasking - la multitareanetwork - la redopen-source  -   de cà ³digo abiertooperating system - el sistema operativo, el cà ³digo operacionalpassword - la contraseà ±aprint (verb) - imprimirprinter - la impresoraprivacy; privacy policy  -   la privacidad; la polà ­tica de privacidad, la pà ³liza de privacidadprocessor - el procesadorprogram - el programa (verb, programar)RAM - la RAM, la memoria RAMsave (a file or document) - guardarscreen - la pantallascreensaver - el salvapantallassearch engine - el buscador, el servidor de bà ºsquedaserver - el servidorslash (/) - la barra, la barra oblicuasoftware - el softwaresmartphone  -   el telà ©fono inteligente, el smartphonespam - el correo basura, el spamstreaming - streamingtab (in a browser)  -   la pestaà ±aterms and conditions  -   los tà ©rminos y condicionestoolbar - la barr a de herramientasUSB, USB port - USB, puerto USBvideo - el videovirus - el virusweb page - la pgina web (plural las pginas web)website - el web (plural los webs), el sitio web (plural los sitios web)Wi-Fi  - el wifiwindow - la ventanawireless - inalmbrico

Free Essays on Ronald Smith

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) primary duty is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities markets. The laws and rules that govern the securities industry in the United States derive from a simple concept: all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. The SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public. The SEC also oversees stock exchanges, brokers, investment advisors, mutual funds, and public utility holding companies. Their primary concern here is promoting disclosure of important information, enforcing the securities laws, and protecting investors. The effectiveness of the SEC hinges upon its enforcement authority. Each year the SEC brings between 400-500 civil enforcement actions against individuals and companies that break the securities laws. Some of the typical infractions include insider trading, accounting fraud, and providing false or misleading information about securities and the companies that issue them. Congress established the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934. Its purpose was to enforce the newly passed securities laws, to promote stability in the markets and, most importantly, to protect investors. Before the Great Crash of 1929, there was not much support for federal regulation of the securities markets. Proposals that the federal government require financial disclosure and prevent the fraudulent sale of stock were never seriously pursued. During the 1920s, post-war prosperity enveloped the nation. Approximately 20 million large and small investors took advantage of this fact and set out to make their fortunes in the stock market. It is estimated that of the $50 billion in new securities offered during this period, half became worthless. This all came to fruition when, in October 1929, t... Free Essays on Ronald Smith Free Essays on Ronald Smith The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) primary duty is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities markets. The laws and rules that govern the securities industry in the United States derive from a simple concept: all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. The SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public. The SEC also oversees stock exchanges, brokers, investment advisors, mutual funds, and public utility holding companies. Their primary concern here is promoting disclosure of important information, enforcing the securities laws, and protecting investors. The effectiveness of the SEC hinges upon its enforcement authority. Each year the SEC brings between 400-500 civil enforcement actions against individuals and companies that break the securities laws. Some of the typical infractions include insider trading, accounting fraud, and providing false or misleading information about securities and the companies that issue them. Congress established the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934. Its purpose was to enforce the newly passed securities laws, to promote stability in the markets and, most importantly, to protect investors. Before the Great Crash of 1929, there was not much support for federal regulation of the securities markets. Proposals that the federal government require financial disclosure and prevent the fraudulent sale of stock were never seriously pursued. During the 1920s, post-war prosperity enveloped the nation. Approximately 20 million large and small investors took advantage of this fact and set out to make their fortunes in the stock market. It is estimated that of the $50 billion in new securities offered during this period, half became worthless. This all came to fruition when, in October 1929, t...

Masters in Public Administration Personal Statement - 1

Masters in Public Administration - Personal Statement Example It was, and still is, a source of great joy to inspire these youths to give back to the community by working in homeless shelters and assist in goodwill. Aside from my work with the youth, I also served with the United States Military in different bases, including Fort Irwin, Fort Riley, and 29 Palms, for two years, prior to getting deployed to Afghanistan at the beginning of 2009. My experience in the war zone was such a life changing experience that when I came back, my immediate impulse was to return to school with a strong sense of determination to get my life back on track. Full of resolve, I transferred in a year in spring and graduated the following year after spring semester. I took a lot of units and still managed to get good grades and showed great improvement after my transfer. I have some background in the public service, including volunteer work in non-profit agencies. My work for a non-profit organization was in the juvenile hall of the City of San Rafael. I was a case manager for the youth court, and I participated in the rehabilitation of first-time misdemeanor offenders. My work with youth offenders has made me realize that there is much I could do that could make a difference in their future, although many of them are unaware of this. I felt that these young people may grow into adult offenders if people like myself did not intervene at this particular time to point them down a different path. Aside from my work with the youth, I also did community service for the Tri City Homeless Shelter, and on a separate occasion I also performed community service for Goodwill. Among the different areas of public administration, I am particularly interested in Public Management and I hope to concentrate in this field. I became interested in the administration of government and non-profit institutions because I had seen both positive and negative aspects

Film Forbidden Games Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film Forbidden Games - Movie Review Example From the destruction caused by the war, and out of the ashes of the concentration camps as well as Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is not surprising that the philosophy known as Existentialism became a significant force. Not only philosophers but also artists in different disciplines saw mankind as lost, 'thrown' from grace into a graceless universe which no longer gave purpose and meaning to existence. In the pale, death-like faces of concentration camp survivors one recognized the fragility of human life, realized how inconsequential - ineffective - the individual was against the monstrousness of the Totalitarian State which Hitler and his National Socialists - Germany - had created. And, if the barbarism of the Final Solution and the cataclysmic destruction in Japan could happen, if human beings could imagine and create these infamies, where was God in the Universe Where was a moral center In his 1954 film Forbidden Games, Rene Clement and his screenwriters depict the effect of war's barbarity on a little girl whose parents have been killed as they were fleeing from the city. The girl, Paulette, is taken in by a family of peasant farmers and develops a close relationship with the family's young son, Michel. Their attempts to make sense of death become Clement's expression of an existentialist perspective; the children create a world that is not rational but which at least gives them a structure that has meaning to them. To an existentialist, the world has no meaning other than what we give it because no ultimate order or meaning exists outside of our own being, i.e. there is no a priori consciousness, as rationalist philosophers asserted. Human beings are 'thrown' into existence without having chosen it. They are cut adrift. Consequently, we make decisions based on what has meaning to us, not necessarily based on what might be considered rational. Though we try to avoid anxiety by being rational, an existentialist would insist that doing so only keep us from being free. Moreover, there is an aspect of Existentialism that considers humans and the world absurd; with no external purpose or meaning, our attempts to create meaning are laughable because they are merely rationalizations and therefore futile - absurd. At the very beginning of Forbidden Games, Clement presents a scene that is almost an encapsulation of existentialism. Paulette is not the only one cast adrift. Hundreds if not thousands of people are fleeing the city, fleeing what is familiar to them in the face of what seems irrational, to escape its - and their - destruction by German bombers and fighter planes. But when her parents are killed, the girl is literally thrown into a world she did not choose. The death of her dog Jock further isolates her. Even when she is taken in and surrounded by the Dolle family her isolation is apparent. What ensues between Paulette and Michel becomes the heart of the film and oddly echoes The Grand

David Mas Masumoto's Wisdom of the Last Farmer Essay

David Mas Masumoto's Wisdom of the Last Farmer - Essay Example When his father was attacked by stroke, Masumoto, had no other option but to go back home and stay with his father, despite the fact that he was a sociology graduate, which could have earned him a different job (Heidmann, 116). Initially, his father used to teach him many lessons about farming and about life. However, after suffering from stroke, his speech is lost and his ability to work with the right hand also affected. The only way out, is for Masumoto to try and teach his father, how he can operate the farm machinery in his present condition. The attachment of the family to farming is more than just as a source of livelihood. It is more about the relationship with the life of the farm, and that of the consumers. Farming is not a mere way of earning a living for Masumoto and his family, but a pathway for supporting life. Therefore, there are more lessons that Masumoto learns from his father throughout his tenure on the farm, other than just farming skills. The first valuable less on that Masumoto learns is that; the growth cycle of the farm plants represents the stages of human life. The moment the seeds are sown on the fields, they emerge as new plants which need to be taken care of, since at that stage, the plants are still tender and the failure to take adequate care of them might mean their failure to grow to full harvest (Masumoto, 29). The same happens with the life of humans. Once a child is born, there is a lot of input applied by the parents to bring the child up, always taking good care of the baby and providing for the baby with all its necessities, since the baby cannot fend on its own. However, as the child grows, he/she turns out to be youthful and independent, capable of doing many things without much assistance, but still remains inexperienced in life (Masumoto, 37). It is at this stage that the young adult requires much lessons regarding life, since at this stage, there are chances that good advice will shape the youth for a better future, a nd the contrary lead to the young adult being a baggage to the society. Thus, as the plants in the farm are taken care of differently during their different stages of growth, human beings need to be treated the same. After the plant matures, it bears fruits that are ready for harvest by the farm owner, who then sells the farm produce to earn a living. Therefore, the usefulness of the farm plant is enjoyed when its fruits are transferred to the consumer. The same happens for the human beings, where the old people have to transfer their wisdom to the young adults, which helps them to shape their future, and make it fruitful even to others. This is exactly what happened with Masumoto, since he learnt a lot of wisdom from his father, which informs his life thereafter (Masumoto, 154). The other invaluable lesson learnt by Masumoto is the value of patience and persistence in life (Masumoto, 54). Whenever the farmers are planting their crops, they have hope that they will obtain bumper har vest from the fields. However, all it takes is patience and persistence, as the farmers sow, till and take care of the crops against all odds, such as pests and diseases. There are seasons when there is sun, and others when it is cold, yet the farmers have to be continuously working on the farm. There are seasons when the harvest will be bumper, and there are other seasons when the farmer barely gets any harvest. Yet in all these seasons, the

Human resource management for public and nonprofit organizations Essay

Human resource management for public and nonprofit organizations - Essay Example The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is a federal statute of the USA, which governs job compensation. Its main provisions deal with minimum wages, overtime pay, equal pay and child labor rules. It also requires employers to keep records of the hours the employees have worked. In addition, the Act divides employees into exempt and non-exempt workers. Title 29, Chapter V, Part 541 of the Code of Federal Regulations (1993) defines exempt employees as those who spend 80 percent of their work time performing administrative tasks as their primary responsibility, executive tasks (exercise discretionary decision-making, manage and regulate organization’s work), or professional duties that require outstanding or advanced skills or knowledge (272). State and local governments are not bound by federal minimum wage requirements. Nevertheless, they can require only the same or higher than the federal minimum wages. Though many people do agree with such a state of things, many oppose it. Opponents of comparable worth claim that pay disparities are a result of supply and demand trends, and that the value of labor should be calculated on a scale of socioeconomic value. On the contrary, the advocates of comparable worth believe that labor market rates are not entirely objective. In fact, the federal courts have not recognized comparable worth under the Equal Pay Act or the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Still, various legislative bodies have acted to remedy pay disparities across jobs of similar value to organizations (277 - 278). To sum up, the Director of HRM should know that compensation systems should be designed in such a way that they will attract, motivate, and retain proficient employees. There is a number of factors that defines salaries paid to the employees of public and nonprofit organizations. Market factors influence external equity, while job evaluation or job worth influences internal equity. Since the hiring criteria for public and

Role and Functions of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role and Functions of Law - Essay Example These interests could be domestic, societal, cultural, economic and political. However, if this pursuance of interests is not governed by agreed upon conventions, precedents, rules and regulations, the society will unexceptionally end up being subject to anarchy and disorder. Hence, it is the institution of law that ushers in decorum into the personal or collective pursuance of interests, thereby ushering in a sense of order that nourishes society and extends to it a chance to get organized and fair. Besides, for any society to work in an ordered manner, it is essential that its affiliates uphold the social norms in all the spheres of their life. Though most of the people living in a society are conversant with the social norms cherished by it, still there will always be a substantial proportion of people who will evince a predilection to negate social norms and understanding in the pursuance of personal satisfaction. So, law is one viable social instrument that could be relied upon to make people stick to relevant social norms (Tamanaha, 1999, p. 250). In that context law stands to be an upholder and protector of social norms and expectations. Codified law makes it amply clear to the people as to which acts pursued by them stand to be acceptable and which ones are illegal and reprehensible. It is also a known fact that disputes tend to be an integral aspect of social, cultural, political and economic interactions. Again it is the law that facilitates methodical procedures for the resolution of disputes. Law also brings in a sense of certainty and stability into any society’s social, cultural, economic and political life, thereby allowing for a scope for growth and development. However, it does not mean that law stands to be a static and vegetative institution. Law does allow for change and also assures that the requisite change is accomplished in an organized and stable manner. It is only law that assures just and fair societies which not only serve a p rivileged few, but rather look after the interests of the aggrieved, weaker and sidelined sections of the society. Law also helps the societies to arrive at and maintain a delicate balance between the powers of the state and the rights of the individuals and groups (Commerce Powers, 2012). Law also makes way for the establishment and execution of the requisite penalties in the instances of the breach of law. Hence, it would not be wrong to say that law is one salient and essential social pillar. In the free market economies, the rules and regulations sanctified by the business law do play an important part in ensuring the right business environment. Again, as already mentioned, in the sphere of business also, law helps in a pragmatic resolution of disputes between two or more business entities (Strier, 1994, p. 193). In business, it is again the law that sets the standards of acceptable behavior for the businesses and firms. It also needs to be mentioned that law protects the nation al and global business environment from being manipulated by a powerful few, by being a protector of ethics and morals (Commerce Powers, 2012). Personally speaking, my role as a professional field service technician is subject to many legal norms and regulations. While serving my customers, it is imperative for me to assure that the services rendered by me happen to be as per the standards, criteria, and safety features set by the related federal and state rules and regula

Cultural customs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural customs - Research Paper Example In their homeland, children and adolescents are geared toward achieving the goal of higher education and have lessons taught about the importance of holding onto traditional Chinese cultural values (Henslin, 2003). Lessons on thriftiness, especially in relation to finance, are reinforced during this period of the life cycle. As adults, the Chinese stress maintaining caution in areas of business and establish plans for long-term financial success much earlier than other groups (Zhang). In their homeland, Chinese often marry with the idea that it will be a life-long bond and put a great deal of emphasis on the value of personal relationships. At senior age, it is common to still be a part of the family household and is often revered for wisdom. The U.S. citizen is strikingly different than the Chinese and infants are often reared with much less emphasis on education, but more on securing their emotional well-being. Infants are cared for with considerable intensity and usually the child bonds with the mother over the father. During childhood, there is much less emphasis on creating a family bond and the child is promoted to socialize outside of the family network to build skills in peer bonding and organized play (Henslin). Some of these lessons begin in early educational years and team-based concepts, outside of family values, are the most common experiences. In adolescence, children are given lessons on establishing their own sense of individuality rather than finding connection through family. They are exposed to many cultural symbols through advertising and other media formats, therefore they have access to different external role models to base their own personalities. During adulthood, it is common to partner without taking the vow of long-term marriage and the family structure can be outside of the social norm. Lessons relating to the importance of higher

Human resource management for public and nonprofit organizations Essay

Human resource management for public and nonprofit organizations - Essay Example The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is a federal statute of the USA, which governs job compensation. Its main provisions deal with minimum wages, overtime pay, equal pay and child labor rules. It also requires employers to keep records of the hours the employees have worked. In addition, the Act divides employees into exempt and non-exempt workers. Title 29, Chapter V, Part 541 of the Code of Federal Regulations (1993) defines exempt employees as those who spend 80 percent of their work time performing administrative tasks as their primary responsibility, executive tasks (exercise discretionary decision-making, manage and regulate organization’s work), or professional duties that require outstanding or advanced skills or knowledge (272). State and local governments are not bound by federal minimum wage requirements. Nevertheless, they can require only the same or higher than the federal minimum wages. Though many people do agree with such a state of things, many oppose it. Opponents of comparable worth claim that pay disparities are a result of supply and demand trends, and that the value of labor should be calculated on a scale of socioeconomic value. On the contrary, the advocates of comparable worth believe that labor market rates are not entirely objective. In fact, the federal courts have not recognized comparable worth under the Equal Pay Act or the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Still, various legislative bodies have acted to remedy pay disparities across jobs of similar value to organizations (277 - 278). To sum up, the Director of HRM should know that compensation systems should be designed in such a way that they will attract, motivate, and retain proficient employees. There is a number of factors that defines salaries paid to the employees of public and nonprofit organizations. Market factors influence external equity, while job evaluation or job worth influences internal equity. Since the hiring criteria for public and

Cultural customs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural customs - Research Paper Example In their homeland, children and adolescents are geared toward achieving the goal of higher education and have lessons taught about the importance of holding onto traditional Chinese cultural values (Henslin, 2003). Lessons on thriftiness, especially in relation to finance, are reinforced during this period of the life cycle. As adults, the Chinese stress maintaining caution in areas of business and establish plans for long-term financial success much earlier than other groups (Zhang). In their homeland, Chinese often marry with the idea that it will be a life-long bond and put a great deal of emphasis on the value of personal relationships. At senior age, it is common to still be a part of the family household and is often revered for wisdom. The U.S. citizen is strikingly different than the Chinese and infants are often reared with much less emphasis on education, but more on securing their emotional well-being. Infants are cared for with considerable intensity and usually the child bonds with the mother over the father. During childhood, there is much less emphasis on creating a family bond and the child is promoted to socialize outside of the family network to build skills in peer bonding and organized play (Henslin). Some of these lessons begin in early educational years and team-based concepts, outside of family values, are the most common experiences. In adolescence, children are given lessons on establishing their own sense of individuality rather than finding connection through family. They are exposed to many cultural symbols through advertising and other media formats, therefore they have access to different external role models to base their own personalities. During adulthood, it is common to partner without taking the vow of long-term marriage and the family structure can be outside of the social norm. Lessons relating to the importance of higher

Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development Essay Economic Growth is a narrower concept than economic development.It is an increase in a countrys real level of national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources (by education etc.), increase in the quantity of resources improvements in technology or in another way an increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. Economic Growth can be measured by an increase in a countrys GDP (gross domestic product). Economic development is a normative concept i.e. it applies in the context of peoples sense of morality (right and wrong, good and bad). The definition of economic development given by Michael Todaro is an increase in living standards, improvement in self-esteem needs and freedom from oppression as well as a greater choice. The most accurate method of measuring development is the Human Development Index which takes into account the literacy rates life expectancy which affect productivity and could lead to Economic Growth. It also leads to the creation of more opportunities in the sectors of education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of the environment.It implies an increase in the per capita income of every citizen. Economic Growth does not take into account the size of the informal economy. The informal economy is also known as the black economy which is unrecorded economic activity. Development alleviates people from low standards of living into proper employment with suitable shelter. Economic Growth does not take into account the depletion of natural resources which might lead to pollution, congestion disease. Development however is concerned with sustainability which means meeting the needs of the present without compromising future needs. These environmental effects are becoming more of a problem for Governments now that the pressure has increased on them due to Global warming. Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development.

Data Collection And Data Analysis Physical Education Essay

Data Collection And Data Analysis Physical Education Essay The research method plays an essential role in addressing the research objectives with reliable and valid data. This section illustrates how and why a certain approach chosen to answer the research questions. The methodology of this research bases on research onion model (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). The structure of this chapter follows the layers of the research onion model. Figure 0.: The research onion Source:  © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2008 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012, p.108) 3.1. Research philosophy Selecting the research philosophy is a necessary stage in the research process because it is important to reflect the perspective of a researcher and it also influences directly on the choice of research strategy and research methods (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). In business and management research, the popular philosophies includes positivism, realism interpretivism and pragmatism (Creswell, 2008; Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Thus, this research should determine the suitable philosophies based on the philosophy theory and the research questions and research objectives stated above. Regarding the theory philosophy, Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2012) discuss that there are two key points of view including ontology and epistemology. Firstly, based on ontology, the nature of reality or being of researchers view about the positivist is objective, external and independent with social factors, but researchers view about the interpretivist is subjective, social constructed and changeable depend on the participants (ibid.). On the other hand, on the way of thinking about epistemology, the valid knowledge of researchers view about the positivist focuses on causality, reducing phenomena to simplest elements, data and facts; but researchers view about interpretivist concentrates on social phenomena, feelings attitudes and detail of situations and subjective meaning (ibid., p.119). These viewpoints between ontology and epistemology are difference, and each of them will impact on the way of thinking about the research process. Additionally, the pragmatist research philosop hy tends to be the combination of both positivist and interpretivist. The positivist philosophy is appropriate choice for this research owing to the research objectives to examine the relationships among measurements of an e-learning system success and the using e-learning system of students to support their KM. Regarding ontology view, the e-learning system is an objective and singular. Furthermore, collecting data to analyse the e-learning system success in this research proves that it is positivism based on epistemology view. However, investigating students attitude can use interpretivism but it is reasonable with positivism. 3.2. Research approach Due to positivistic philosophy and the research questions to test theory and the prior researches discussed in the literature review chapter, this research is suitable with deductive approach. This approach includes 5 progressive stages: (1) inferring hypotheses from the theory (test relationship among variables in the e-learning system success); (2) proposing the relationships among variables in this research (e.g. users attitude positive impacting on system acceptance); (3) testing operational hypotheses (using statistical software to estimate hypotheses); (4) discussing the outcome to confirm the theory; and (5) altering the theory based on the findings (Robson, 2002 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012, p.124-125). Furthermore, the detailed progress of this research based on this deductive approach is illustrated in figure 3.2 (Maylor and Blackmon, 2005). Figure 0.: The deductive approach process (Maylor and Blackmon, 2005,p.56) 3.3. Research strategy Creswell (2008) stated that research strategy significantly influence on the direction of the research, as a result, the choice of research strategy is essential in research progress. The factors impact on the selected strategy including the research questions and objective, the choice of research philosophy, research approach and other resources such as time constraint, finance or data access (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Due to the selected deductive approach, experiment, survey, ground theory or case study are the research strategies that can be applied for this research. Experiment strategy tends to concentrate on a specific group. Moreover, case study is often used in specific research for a period of time. Hence, both experiment strategy and case study are not suitable for this study due to of the research questions. Because this study is developed on the previous researches in difference context, the ground theory strategy is not appropriate with this research. On the other hand, the survey approach is the most rational choice for this research within limited time. Survey strategy can be defined as a specific sampling from the population and the structured questionnaires are designed to test theory (Malhotra and Birks, 2007). This strategy is suitable to test the relationships between variables in research objectives using quantitative data method (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). In additi on, this survey strategy also appropriate with cross-sectional time horizon studies (Easterby-Smith et al. 2008; Robson 2002 cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Alternatively, the survey strategy also has some limitations such as irrelevant or inaccurate responses of the questionnaire or possibly insufficient sample. The number of responses may not achieve the target of at least 95% of confidential level because people are not able or willing to answers the questionnaire (Girden and Kabacoff, 2010). Understanding the potential drawbacks of the survey strategy is vital that result in well preparing in data collection plan. 3.4. Research choices Due to the selected positivistic research philosophy as well as deductive approach, the mono method with quantitative approach is the research choice of this study. Using mono method seems to be adequate because this is not ground theory and experiment research strategy. Additionally, referring the section 2.2 of the literature review chapter, the mono method with only quantitative research approach tends to be used in almost previous researches to measure the e-learning system success and to test the research model. Hence, the theory and research framework of based on previous researches are tested in this research in the context of the University of Southampton with the quantitative approach. 3.5. Time horizon This research has been conducted in three months. Thus, it is appropriate with cross-sectional time horizon owing to time constraint. Cross-sectional researches are appropriate to study specific phenomenon at specific time while longitudinal researches are suitable to study change and development over a long period of time (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). 3.6. Research design: Data collection and data analysis This  section aims to describe detail about the quantitative approach to collect and analyse primary data with sampling method, questionnaire design, pilot testing, data collection and data analysis sub-sections. 3.6.1. Sampling method The context of this research is the University of Southampton. Therefore, all students and alumni of the University who has used the e-learning system at the University can participate on this research. Due to applying survey research strategy in this research, the most suitable sampling method for this study can be probability samples. Based on the probability sampling method (another name is representative sampling), the research questions and objectives can be achieved by evaluating statistically the characteristics of the population from the sample (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012, p.213). In this research, the population which is all students using the e-learning system at the University of Southampton is generalised from the sample which is the students participating in the questionnaire. The most appropriate sampling technique for this study is simple random sampling but the sampling frame size and the cost and time consuming of this sampling technique is high (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Hence, multi-stage can be used as the sampling technique to save time and cost. In the first stage of this sampling technique, the list of schools at the University of Southampton is drawn. Then, in the second stage, a simple random sample of students can be selected by chosen schools. In fact, the selected schools may be not random because it is not acceptance to help of all schools at the University to broadcast the survey to their students. This study uses online questionnaire as a result of sharing questionnaire easily via emails or social network (such as Facebook). Indeed, several schools at the University are willing to help sending the questionnaire to all their students email. Higher Education Statistic Agency summary that there are more than 23,000 students at the University of Southampton in 2010/2011 (HESA, 2012). Thus, the population in this study can be more than 100 thousands because both students and alumni has been used the e-learning system at the University since at least 4 years. This research targets to achieve 95 per cent confidence level and 5 per cent margin of error. Thus, referring to figure about sample sizes for different sizes of population at a 95 confidence level, the minimum sample size is 383 (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012, p.219). 3.6.2. Questionnaire design Designing a questionnaire is a vital stage in data collection technique to support positivism methodology, deductive approach and survey strategy in business and management research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). The questionnaire technique is used to test the reliability and validity of hypotheses proposed from research objectives and research framework (Neuman and Neuman, 2011). There are many benefits of using questionnaire technique in research. For instance, it is an effective and economical approach to collect primary data (Patten, 2001). It also provide clear result in tabular to analyse easily (ibid.). Moreover, it can be managed anonymously and asynchronously (ibid.). The type of questionnaire in this research is self-administrated online questionnaire due to the convenience and effectiveness of broadcasting as well as preparing data. The online questionnaire is designed on the iSurvey platform which is endorsed by the University of Southampton (www.isurvey.soton.ac.uk). Because iSurvey is a high quality tool and many advantages such as no cost, secure, friendly interface, ease of use, reliability and stability, it is used to design questionnaire by almost students of the University. Following the questionnaire research a practical guide of Patten (2011), the designed questions are clear, short, simple and avoided common errors. Due to the willing help and limited time of participants, only necessary questions are presented in the questionnaire. Moreover, the questionnaire is designed with a short time to complete (around 10 minutes). The validity of questions in questionnaire can lead to accurate data after collecting, and the reliability means the consistence of collected data (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). Bourque and Clark (1994, cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012) stated three effective methods to design individual questions that are adopting questions used in other questionnaires; adapting questions used in other questionnaires; and developing own questions. Thus, rich literature review significantly supports questionnaire design with high reliability and validity because the questions in questionnaires are tested in the previous researches. Moreover, clear questions in questionnaire are recommended to discuss with others and test pilot studies (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). The questionnaire is designed with three sections. The first section to ask about the basic information of participant, the most important question in this section is that Have/had you used the e-learning system (Blackboard, Moodle, Medis, ECS, or others) of the University of Southampton? If participant select option No, they will complete the questionnaire. At the second section, the questions are self-developed question to conduct descriptive statistic regarding using e-learning system of students to facilitate their KM. The content of these questions in this section is classified by attribute and behaviour. These questions based on the theory on literature review regarding e-learning system success and KM. They also have been recommended by friends who are studying PhD and have much experience with questionnaire design; and test in pilot study. The final section in the questionnaire aims to test the research framework and research hypotheses. This section includes 32 items and all adopt 5-point Likert scale (from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree). All items are adapted and adopted questions used in prior researches regarding e-learning system success and e-learning system as a tool to support KM (for example, items are referred and adapted from Lin, 2007; Lin, 2007, Liaw, Chen and Huang, 2008; Liaw, Huang and Chen, 2007 ; Wang and Chiu, 2011). The scales have been tested by previous researchers as discuss in the section 2.2 and 2.4 of the literature review chapter. Thus, the reliability and validity of the instruments are high because of revealed in public papers. Furthermore, the participant information sheet and only consent form are stated in the welcome page of the online questionnaire to introduce briefly regarding this research, researcher, research questions, contact of researcher and Ethic Committee, and a participants consent to taking part in the survey. Additionally, the a debriefing page is stated at the ending page of the online questionnaire in order to give thanks to participants as well as introduce briefly about this research such as research hypotheses and papers closely related to this study. The full questionnaire is stated in Appendix 1; and the e-mails which are sent to several schools of the University and to fellow students to collect data are stated in Appendix 1; and. 3.6.3. Pilot testing and assess validity A pilot study (pre-test) conducts a small part of sample to test the questionnaire before delivering the questionnaire to collect primary data from sample. Implementing the pilot test is crucial, especially when researchers lack of experience within designing a survey questionnaire as well as data collection approach (Yin, 2011). According to Vaus (2002), in term of pilot test, individual questionnaire items need to evaluate the variation, meaning, redundancy, scalability, not-response and acquiescent response while the whole questionnaire should test the flow, question skips, timing and interest and attention of respondents. The pilot test also aims to enhance questions in the questionnaire and it can do more than one time. Moreover, after completing the questionnaire, participants of pilot test can comment to refine the questionnaire where which questions can be misunderstood, silly or difficult (Sapsford, 2006). Additionally, the reliability and validity of items in questionnaire can be assessed with the pilot test. Factor analysis also can do in this pre-test to remove low quality items in the questionnaire (Fowler, 2008). The pilot test to improve the questionnaire in this research was conducted two times. At the first time, the questionnaire was designed with only 2 first sections. The link of the questionnaire was sent by email and Facebook to 20 participants which are students at the University of Southampton. After that, some respondents gave much valuable feedback used to enhance the instruction as well as individual questions in the questionnaire. Because of almost self-developed questions in section 2 of the questionnaire, some questions were recommended by participants who have much experience in designing survey and statistic research. For example, in the question to ask about benefits of using e-mail function of the e-learning system, the kind of question should be changed from multiple choice questions to check box question because respondents can want to select all options. Another example is that some questions such as Yes or No questions had been improved to the open ended questions to i nvestigate in deep why Yes or No option is selected. On the other hand, some participants who studying in English subject at faculty of Humanities at the University had contributed much valuable advice regarding the language including grammar and words choice of the instruction part as well as individual questions. Additionally, the overall appearance and organisation of the questionnaire had been commented. The time consuming to complete the two sections of the questionnaire was calculated in this first pilot test around 4 minutes. After conducting the pilot test, individual questions were changed to be clearer and easier to understand. At the second time of the pilot testing, the completed questionnaire had been design with the final section. Because 50(+/-20) is the typical sample size at the pre-test stage, the link of the questionnaire was sent to another 40 students (Cooper and Schindler, 2010). After that, there are 32 completed answers with no missing from participants because having 02 PhD students do not use the e-learning system at the University and 6 missing answers. The alert participants if they have left any questions blank function of the iSurvey was not turned on that is the main reason of missing answers in pilot test. Therefore, this function is setup in the main data collection. From the data collection, the consistence of the multi-item scales question was tested by SPSS. This pilot data is also very useful to study data analysis in practice with SPSS and AMOS model test software. Furthermore, overall feedback from almost respondents about the questionnaire is that all questions are clear and ea sy to understand because the questions in the first two sections had been updated after the first pilot test and all questions in section three have been adapted and adopted from prior researches. Statistic from iSurvey administrative site, from 8 to 10 minutes is a typical time to complete the questionnaire. 3.6.4. Data collection The completed questionnaire version, the Ethic, Risk, consent forms, the information sheet and debriefing sheet has been submitted to the Ethic committee. After approved by this committee, the questionnaire is broadcasted to students and alumni at the University of Southampton. Initially, e-mail including the questionnaire link is sent to all schools at the University in order to request a help spreading out the questionnaire to students at these schools via the e-mail system of the University (Appendix 2). Several schools (such as English, Music, Modern language at the faculty of Humanities; Law and Management school at the faculty of Business and Law; faculty of Medicine; Education, Mathematics and Social Sciences school at the faculty of Social and Human Sciences) have been agreed and helped to send the questionnaire to all their students. They replied a confirmation e-mail while some other schools sent a sorry e-mail which means cannot help to deliver the online questionnaire. Secondly, the link of the questionnaire is shared to some Facebook fan page of the University of Southampton such as the University of Southampton Alumni, SUSU group, Southampton Management School Alumni fan page; and some Facebook group such as Vietnamese Society at the University of Southampton group; Badminton, Tennis and Table Tennis at the University of Southampton group. The data are collected during 15 days from the 2nd of August to the 16th of August 2012. 3.6.5. Data analysis Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to analyse quantitative data are used in this research. Initially, this study conducts descriptive statistics to report the averages, the dispersion, and the central tendencies of the data collected (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2012). After that, the research framework and hypotheses are tested by two-phased approach for Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) (Schumacker and Lomax, 2004; Hair et al. 2006 cited in Wang and Chiu, 2011). In term of technology for data analysis, Microsoft Excel, IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) and IBM AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) software are used. SPSS which is well-known computer programme widely used to carry out statistical analysis in Social Science. AMOS also is a powerful tool and easy-to-use with graphical interface design to analyse model fit. Thus, using these tools can accomplish quickly the results with the highest accuracy. However, lack of basic skills in using SPSS and AMOS software can be the problem affecting the research progress. Nonetheless, due to the booming sharing knowledge in the internet, many online instruction video clips are available on Youtube and tutorials in the internet today. Thus, these tools can be controlled fundamentally in the short period of time. The strategy to analyse data is stated below: Analyse the descriptive statistic in SPSS Test the reliability of items by using reliability analysis in SPSS Analyse factor analysis to find and delete the unnecessary items in SPSS Conduct confirmation factor analysis (CFA) to measure research framework in AMOS Evaluate structure research framework and calculate hypotheses in AMOS. 3.7. Summary This chapter explained about the selected research method base on the theory, literature review and the research questions and objectives. This research is appropriate with positivistic philosophy and deductive approach. Mono method with quantitative approach is suitable choice to conduct this research. Cross-sessional is the time horizon determined for this research. This chapter also discuss detail regarding data collection and analysis with choosing sampling technique, designing questionnaire, testing pilot study, collecting data strategy and analysing data strategy.

Perception :: Essays Papers

Perception To see a scorned, beaten, and crucified man, lying dead in the arms of his mother is an image, which can inspire overwhelming emotions within the heart of an observer. Yet, for the longest time I've had such difficulty looking at Michelangelo's art in this way. To me, art has never been about expressing oneself or conveying a message to others, but simply creating an image for the sake of beauty and perfection. When I look at Michelangelo's art I see a cold, solid mass of marble carved by the skilled hands of a master, Rather than this work of great beauty, capable of eliciting a deeply emotional response. I look at it in terms of the techniques Michelangelo used the understanding he had of the human form, to render a piece ultimately comprising precision and realism. It has been upon these standards that I have based my concept of what art is. In my eyes, art has always been just a unique ability that I have. I feel driven by it, not to express some deep emotion, but almost as an obsession to perfect my own ability. Every stroke of a brush and every motion I make are to make what I've created more detailed, graceful, and real. I'm only now beginning to realize how much more there is to art than what I had previously understood. When I look at a piece of my work, I see the detail and realism of it, yet somehow I feel that these aspects are all that it possesses. I wonder whether or not I've almost turned my sense of art into a science that lacks the essential characteristics of art, which are expression and emotion. Somehow now I have begun to see that the strictness and precision of my art truly is an expression of who I am, and that through it, one can understand how I perceive the world around me. Personally I feel uncomfortable in a world where nearly every aspect of our lives is becoming less clearly defined and where right and wrong are continually forsaken for a vague sense of truth. So in some respects, art provides me with the sense of structure, order, and continuity, which I feel, is lacking in modern life.

View on Intellectual Property Rights :: essays research papers

Intellectual Property RightsA Through the years history has documented amazing men and women which have contributed much of their ideas to improving society. Intellectual Property Rights plays a vital role in not just safeguarding the individual to protect the use of their ideas from misuse but it was meant to promote inventiveness and creativity. Intellectual Property Rights has evolved with the emergence of new technologies its scope has grown and several factors including globalization of economies as well as changes in the way businesses operate and politicization of IPR issues have been factors influencing its direction. If one were to asses the Philippine setting it would appear that our progress is slow compared to our other neighbors. Our earliest record of laws on intellectual property rights dated back in 1947. We joined the World Organization (WIPO) in 1980 only after 10 years after it was established and our Intellectual Property code has only taken into effect during 1987. Furthermore the country is viewed as one of the nations that are weak in enforcing laws governing Intellectual Property. Resulting in Millions lost in revenue for corporations and the government in taxes. Consistent enforcement is critical because of the reality that there are people who do not respect the Intellectual property rights of others. The reason may vary from greed, lack of awareness, perceived necessity, criminal intent or even an innocent mistake. When illegal copies take market share or even kill a potential market the enforcement mechanisms become vital to not only protect the players and the entities but also the general public as well. Most of the industries that are affected include computer software, music, films, luxury goods and fashion, perfumes, books, watches, medicine among others. According to World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) the factors that influence the increase include a significant gap in the consumer purchasing power, inability to meet the market demand and emergence of new technologies making it easier to produce volumes of illegal copies at faster rate.

Racism in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and other black anti-racist leaders fought against discrimination. They fought a battle that has gone on longer than many people have been around, back in the 1800’s. In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain, twain wants us to see how this battle rages on today, affecting many people’s everyday lives. The book itself is very racist toward African Americans in which the word â€Å"nigger† is used. Many people use this word today, but back when Huck was around using vulgar discriminating words was a regular thing. So the question is how is racism still shown today in the 20th century and the relationship in how Twain describes it in his book? First racial thing in the book is when Toms talking to Huck about breaking Jim out of jail. Tom says, â€Å"Give a nigger a inch and he e’ll† (88). When he says this he is saying that if you give a black person freedom, it’s giving them way too much. But Huck isn’t fond of using such a poignant word to Jim. Racism plays a big part when the King and the Duke show up on the raft with them. When they stay with the girls in the house, the sophomoric type of Duke says â€Å"I should ‘a’ reckoned the differences in the rank would sejested that a corn-shuck bed wont fit for me to sleep on . Your Grace’ll take the shuck bed yourself† (126). This shows his destitute for taking Jim seriously as a person and not just some dumb slave. The use of racist and vulgar words was constantly heard from the white adults as well as the children in the novel. â€Å"Â…was Jim a runaway nigger?†(126). Out of all the pieces of literature this book is known by many people worldwide, not only does things in this book still happen today, we can all relate this book. The lack of care the whites had for blacks, thus, the whites have lost nearly all of their respect. This was Mark Twain’s indirect way of showing the whites inequality to the blacks. In today’s age, the ideas of racism have definitely changed. Slavery is no more, and even the use of such language as â€Å"nigger,† is considered vulgar. But, as children such as Huck and Tom grew up considering slavery the â€Å"normal,† children today grow up learning the exact opposite.

Mock interview

Johnson, and we talked a little bit about that company which was about how great that company is. I love Johnson & Johnson this company a lot. It survived from World War One, the Great Depression , and World War Two. And it is coming much and much stronger, more than ever. We went through some Traditional Interview Questions as well. When he asked me, â€Å"do you prefer working on a team or as an individual contributor? I basically combined my own working experience with it, and I said â€Å"l actually more enjoy working on a team rather than an individual contributor, because I used to work In a restaurant before which Is not a one person's Job, it takes many people and time to work on it, to manage it, and run It. † As myself, I take every firm and company as a big running machine, and each stuff members are working as a small part and component of this machine. Everyone Is involved, and everyone Is Important as well.In order to make this machine runs, each part and compon ent Is Indispensable. It may start to running If without some part or component, but It won't work as well as If everyone Is Involved. It was a great experience to having an Interview with him. The whole Interviewing didn't take too long, and it was only about 20 minutes. But he gave me a very good Impression from the beginning to the end. It Is very Important to have such a mock Interview before we take the real Interview with some big companies. It Isn't Just gave me the experience, but It also gives me the courage.