Who is Beloved and what is her role or purpose in the novel Beloved?

The character of beloved in the novel by Toni Morrison in his book entitled â€Å"beloved† symbolizes a lot of important ideas which are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of the novel. Taking a look at the context of the story itself, Beloved is seen as an apparition that came back to haunt the woman who was responsible for her death when she was a toddler.The event of her return caused lots of emotional reaction in other characters most especially Paul D and Sethe who as a result of trying to avoid their past were unable to truly know themselves, thus, this prevented them from forming a strong relationship with their children.To be more specific, the characters of Beloved in the novel assisted two other characters namely Paul D and Sethe to resolve their past events. Moreover, to flash back, we can say that Beloved can be understood to be an epitome of the kind of problems which arise between mothers and their daughters that occurs as a consequence of the extreme cruel ty experienced via slavery. On an intense, subliminal level to the characters in the story, the character of Beloved may be considered to be a reminder of the past.The Beloved succeeded in forcing the characters in the novel, especially her mother to first of all understand the pains from her past before beginning to work through it. Her presence caused all of the characters to come to terms with themselves before her departure. Personally, not only do I think this novel asserts the chance of reconciliation of the past or a better understanding of it from a symbolic point of view, I think it also serves some other essential function for the readers as well.It also relates a dramatic, severe and ruthless picture of some of the worst terrors of slavery. Beloved, when viewed symbolically is more than merely a character in â€Å"Beloved† but holds a huge significance as a symbol in the novel as well. All the stories enclosed within the multifarious character of Beloved in this no vel by Toni Morrison, is made of many fragments which cannot be fully comprehended until the end of the novel, At the outset, the reader is made to be believe that Beloved is a ghostly being, who is an incarnate figure of Sethe's slain daughter.But Later, a story was revealed by Stamp Paid of â€Å"a girl locked up by a white man over by Deer Creek. Found him dead last summer and the girl gone. Maybe that's her†. Toni Morrison presented the text afterwards in such a way that both assumptions were well supported. The possibility that Beloved is the slain child is backed by the fact that she sings a song which is known only to Sethe and her other children; Somewhere else, she also speaks of Sethe's earrings although she had not seen them.From my perspective, Beloved being Sethe’s reincarnated child would have helped the characters in the story and it would have helped Sethe to assuage the guilt she feels over the death of her child. I think Morrison's intention in presen ting the story in such manner was to make the readers more active rather than passive and make them work to unravel what is going on. In conclusion, I think the character Beloved in the Novel entitled â€Å"Beloved† by Toni Morrisonis Sethe's child, the third one, who was murdered at the age of one and became a ghost in 124 for up to next twenty years before she was reborn. Although, she was 21 years old in her outward appearance, she has the mind of a toddler. Thus, Beloved was trying to find Sethe's affections as well as a revenge for a murder which she still cannot comprehend. In the novel, she serves as both a character as well as a representation for the past and the sixty-million slaves that were murdered in the Middle Passage. .

A Glimpse of the Japanese Era through Filipino Paintings Essay

I.1 Background in the selection of the topic and AV Media to use. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. Flash card, from the term itself, is a card used to display something including words and even images for pictorial cards just like posters. They are simple, cheap, versatile, yet often underexploited resources. Using them is a great way to present topics that include images and other visual symbols. With the aid of flash cards as instructional module, audience could learn better, understand and remember about the life of the Filipino people under the Japanese administration through some of the paintings made by Filipino painters. I.2 Importance and Significance of the chosen topic and the AV Media to use At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. This topic would also help the present generation recall about the country’s historical events and create a sense of nationalism to fight for freedom. Topics on artworks such as in the field of painting should at least include visual media to enhance discussion and keep the interest of the audience. The use of flash cards with printed image of the actual paintings on the Japanese occupation could help audience visualize, learn more and understand better the life of the people and the condition of the country back then. On the side of the lecturer, he doesn’t have to spend too much since he can create his own sets of flash cards for his specific needs. IIOBJECTIVES. II.1 General Objective To describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times II.2 Specific Objectives To describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters To discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork III.DISCUSSION III.1 Review of Literature of the chosen Topic and AV Media Chosen From one colonizer to another–after more than three centuries of Spanish rule, the Americans came and then the Japanese to enslave our country. In response to the Japanese propaganda, according to Dr. Alice G. Guillermo, Filipino painters reacted by producing the following works: †¢ paintings that may be implicitly supportive of the Japanese occupation such as Vicente Alvarez Dizon’s â€Å"A Day Begins† done in 1942 †¢ genre scenes that seem neutral such as Crispin V. Lopez’s â€Å"Baguio Market† made in 1943 showing Japanese soldiers interacting with women vegetable vendors †¢ paintings that bring out national identity such as Emilio G. Santiago’s â€Å"Christmas Eve† made in 1942 which shows a traditional Filipino scene that evokes nostalgia †¢ paintings alluding to the social conditions of the time such as Pilar M. Santiago’s â€Å"Evacuees† made in 1941,Irineo Miranda’s Home from Work made in 1944, and Simon Saulog’s Conspiracy made in 1943 which shows a group of men in an evening meeting which suggests to the underground anti-Japanese movement. A suspension on artistic activity was prevalent during the Japanese occupation. However, some visual artists still managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the war. Artists represented in the collection: Dominador Castaà ±eda, Demetrio Diego, Diosdado Lorenzo, Romeo Tabuena, Gene Cabrera and others. In the field of painting, the most disturbing and the largest is Diosdado Lorenzo’s â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†. Lorenzo’s painting portraying two Japanese soldiers raping and killing family members in an Ermita home depicted a common horror not just in Manila neighborhoods but throughout many parts of the country. A young girl in the foreground is already dead from stab wounds, while another young girl with long hair in the background is naked and wounded. The husband has just been bayoneted. The wife struggling with a Japanese soldier clutching a knife, her breasts exposed, is about to be raped and murdered. A crying baby in a crib is a foreboding sign. There were countless stories by World War II survivors who saw Japanese soldiers flinging babies into the air and thrusting them with bayonets as they fell to earth. An altar with dangling rosaries is set on one side, mute and helpless. Tropical foliage seen from an open window vainly hides the fire and terror occurring outside. Dominador Castaneda’s work, entitled â€Å"Doomed Family† is of a different intensity but harrowing as well. Done in 1945, this oil on canvas has the feel of a silent scream. A mother lays dead; her long hair on the floor simulates blood. A lifeless father is bound in rope, his bloodied back mercilessly whipped. A child, still alive and tied, has her mouth open emitting perhaps a frightened helpless wail. One cannot tell if they are depicted in a home or in a cell. Their doom in the dark is the only certainty. A third painting related to World War II is entitled â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego, a distinguished painter and former chief artist for the Sunday Times Magazine. It depicts the slow and agonizing death of Filipino prisoners-of-war in a Tarlac internment camp. The prisoner in the center seems to check on his companion’s condition beside him. The act is noble but futile. A man seated at the foot of the bamboo bed is malnourished and ready to die. Another famous Filipino historical and war painter is Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto. He is known as â€Å"The Painter of Philippine Sunlight† because his works capture the brilliance of the Philippine sun. He paints from within the Filipino values, character and soul. The artistic trademark of Amorsolo and his greatest contribution to Philippine painting is the backlighting technique. In a typical Amorsolo painting, figures are outlined against a characteristic glow, and intense light on one part of the canvas highlights nearby details. Portrayals of human sorrow and suffering were revealed through his illustrations of â€Å"women mourning their dead husbands, files of people with pushcarts and makeshift bags leaving a dark burning city tinged with red from fire and blood†. One particular painting, the Defense of a Filipina Woman’s Honor (1945), had two figures huddled in a corner: a man defiantly about to defend his wife or daughter from being raped or executed by an invisible Japanese soldier. The Japanese soldier is outside Amorsolo’s canvas, but from the defiant look of the man, it can be assumed that the intruder is still inside the house. This painting represented his unspoken defiance against oppression. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. Flash cards are handy and cheaper compared to other AV media. The thing that matters most when using flash cards is that they should be of the same sizes that are visible to a certain size of audience. III.2 Materials and Procedure in the Preparation of the AV Media The materials needed in the discussion are: cards (folder size) to be used as flash cards, printed photos or images of the paintings, and glue to mount the printed images on the cards. The first step in the production of the AV media is choosing an interesting topic that is applicable for the chosen media. Researching for related literature follows and summarizing the content of the research by choosing the most important details for the presentation. Next is to have printed image of the paintings included in the research made and mounting them to the folder-size cards. The last thing to do is to practice for the presentation and proper use of the media chosen. III.3 Application of the AV Media The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. III.4 Sample Test/ Evaluation questions 1. Who are some of the Filipino painters who made paintings about the Japanese period in the country? 2. What common message do their paintings convey? 3. What are the media used by these painters in creating their pieces? 4. What is the name of the Dominador Castaneda’s painting? 5. What happened to the artistic activities during the Japanese occupation? 6. Who was called as â€Å"the Painter of the Philippine Sunlight?† 7. What was Amosrolo’s biggest contribution to the Philippine painting? 8. Who was the painter of the â€Å"Rape and Massacre in Ermita†? 9. How was the life of Filipinos during Japanese occupation? 10. What does â€Å"Capas† by Demetrio Diego depicts? IVCONCLUSION In the Philippines, almost all fields of art and our history have connections to other countries. The culture that the Filipinos have at present was influenced by the foreign countries that once colonized the Philippines. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. They produced posters, leaflets, flyers, comics, and illustrations that were dropped from passing airplanes. These included colored drawings, watercolor, photographs, photomontages, or calendar illustrations. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. V.SUMMARY. In Philippine history, many countries had tried to own the lands from when the time Spaniards first stepped in to the time of World War II where the country was invaded by Japanese army. Because of the invasions and wars, many Filipino people sacrificed their lives for freedom and democracy. Just like the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal who sacrificed his life to awaken people’s patriotism, many artists also made artworks to express their feelings on how the natives were treated back then. At present, the rise of new artworks is noticeable worldwide. Sometimes, artworks of the earlier times are neglected and forgotten, thus this topic is chosen to have a glimpse of our past and look back on the happenings that leaved significant marks in our history. The general objective of this module is to describe the art of painting that reflects the condition of the country during the Japanese times. Specific objectives are: to describe the nature of the paintings of the Japanese era and the styles used by the painters; and to discuss the purpose or intention of the painters and what message they want to convey in making their artwork. There are several ways of presenting the topic—one of which is the use of flash cards especially for the images of the paintings which portrays the happenings in the Philippine history. Though there are other better ways of presenting it such as through PowerPoint, flash cards are more applicable especially when there is no access to computer for the operation, and they can also be used as back-up modules if ever there is power failure during the PowerPoint presentation. The flash cards will be used in presenting the paintings made by the Filipino painters on the Japanese occupation. They will also be used to present important facts such as the title of the paintings, names of the painters and a little detail of the paintings shown. This will help audience to get familiar with the artworks, remember who painted them and what the paintings were implying. For the four years of the Japanese occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the colonizers, as a means of propaganda, used the visual arts. The sixties and the seventies became a period of experimentation and exploration of new media, techniques, styles, forms of expression, and concepts in art. It also marked the increased consciousness of visual artists to bring their art closer to the people through forms like murals, prints, and cartoons. Paintings, for example, were one of the artworks that .the Filipino people used in expressing their feelings to awaken patriotism of their countrymen. VI.REFERENCES Silva, John L. March 4, 2007. â€Å"Paintings To Remind Us Of Japanese Cruelties In World. War II†.John’s Thoughts And Deeds. Hernandez, Eloisa May P. â€Å"The American and Contemporary Traditions in Philippine Visual Arts†. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Salvio, Ma. Czarina Colleen C. September 2011. â€Å"Philippine Art Paintings†. When my Life Begins. http://colleensalvio.blogspot.com/2011/09/philippine-art-paintings.html http://littleprincess1.hubpages.com/hub/The-Controversial-Painting http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Fernando_Amorsolo#Historical_and_War_ Paintings Killkathari. February 2013. B’s LOG 5. http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/using-flash-cards-young-learners.

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Horst P Horst - Research Paper Example Horst was born on 14th August, 1906 as the second born son of a protestant Max Bohrmann and Klara Schoeenbrodt. His father was also a shop owner. Horst became prominent in Paris during wars and conflicts in Paris when he published his first in a magazine in 1931 (Horst 6).The following years, Horsts pieces of work comprised double exposures, radical composition, nudity and other unique techniques which produced some iconic fashion photographs like Lisa with Harp and Mainbocher done in 1939. Despite his association with fashion portraits, Horst captured photographs of brightest personalities, pottering with influences ranging from Romanticism to Surrealism. He states that he likes taking photos because of his love for life and he loves photographing people because of his love for humanity (Horst 8). At a time when war was obvious between Germany and America in 1941, Horst was given a task to provide his services despite not being enrolled. It was between 1930s and 1940s that Horst became popular hence being regarded as his best productive years (Horst 12). His excellence at using color transparencies for both fashion and portrait sittings and covers made him popular amongst the photographers (Horst 13). A typical instance is that of war escapism entitled Rita Hayworth picture Cover girl which gave Horst the window to produce the best film-star showcased in seven different portraits of cover girl Sussan Shaw fixed against silk design. Horsts photograph of Loretta Young is an immediate classic portrait presented in the Vogue edition which includes photography master pieces selected by photographer Edward (Horst 15). Photographs taken during the 1950s in Europe distant from studio interference of the Vogue editor, brought about plain-air quality (Horst 19). The photographs extende d from Ian Fleming who was shot at Kitzbeuhel to an essay of a German conductor

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Exclusionary Rule Evaluation - Essay Example The Exclusionary rule is applied where a connection between illegal act by police or law enforcement authorities and the obtained evidence is proven. It is also applied when there is an indirect connection between the evidence and an illegal search. If evidence is collected in good faith, considering that the obtained search warrant is legally correct although it is not. Evidence is retained if the police officer is unaware of mistakes in the issued search warrant. There should be no legally significant mistake. However, technical mistakes can save evidence from being destroyed due to an incomplete warrant (Shestokas, 2008). The Exclusionary rule is widely criticized because in some way, it harms criminal trial proceedings. Due to the application of the Exclusionary rule, important evidence can be missed out due to lack of a search warrant or proper knowledge of police officers and the culprit might be unchained due to lack of legal evidence. Exclusionary rule diverts the attention of the court of law from the original case to details of legal and illegal evidence. Police officers have to work for more and more evidence so that if some of them will be considered illegal, others can work. This clearly depicts wastage of precious time. Cost of evidence collection is also a major issue. Although Exclusionary rule has brought more professionalism to the evidence search department of police and law enforcement agencies of society, it has done a lot to save the constitutional privacy of citizens of the state against professional misconduct of police officers, as it was observed in the past, in order to obtain evidence. Due to observance of the Exclusionary rule in criminal trials, society has to bear the greatest cost of this rule in terms of criminals that go unpunished because of excluded evidence (Lungren, 1996). Once freed from court of justice, culprit’s moral increases and this may consequently result in

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Should U.S immigration law be changed to allow more workers from Mexico to enter legally - Essay Example The U.S government is trying create legislation concerning Mexican immigrants who legally enter the country and regulating the number of Mexican illegal immigrants. Despite a lot of controversy, the U.S government has not resolve the problem yet. Mexican immigration is a problem that the people of America and Mexico can not resolve easily. In this paper, I will identify the concerns of people who think illegal Mexican immigrants have negative impacts on the U.S economically and socially. Even though there are some people who advocate accepting Mexican immigrants, there are a lot of people still in opposition of Mexican immigration. A high percentage of U.S. citizens are opposed to Mexican immigration. These citizens are made up of a majority of low-income people, various minorities, and blacks. These people compete with the illegal Mexican immigrates for lower paying jobs. The illegal Mexican immigration brings out economical problems. According to Steven A. Camarota, over 55 percent of Americans are against the amnesty of illegal Mexican immigrants. In addition, 62 percent of these Americans come from low-income households and are opposed to accepting Mexican illegal immigrants (Camarota, p.1). Since, the illegal Mexican immigrants are cheap labor; low-income natives are concerned the illegal Mexican immigrants will lower the average wages. Furthermore, because employers prefer to hire illegal Mexican immigrants, for cheap labor, the economist are worried about the increased unemployment rate of natives. Economists are also concerned that illegal Mexican immigrants will have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. The illegal Mexican immigrants not only lower the wage of low-income natives, but they also increase the unemployment rate of uneducated youth. The inflow of illegal Mexican immigrants into U.S industry makes the supply of workers increase. Naturally, the excess supply of workers reduces average wages; the employer than can keep

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What determinants affect remittance trends and patterns in Ethiopia

What determinants affect remittance trends and patterns in Ethiopia Migration by its nature has negative impacts to the emigrant countries through brain drain especially to the developing one. (HDR, 2009) states that mobility of skilled human power harms the economy of the origin country especially for small states and poor countries. Apart from the economic point, there are also other associated problems that cant be measured in terms monetary aspects. People move within their country or cross their borders with the hope of getting better opportunities benefiting the people migrating, their families as well as their areas of origin and destination (HDR, 2009). Though it is not an easy task to come through different challenges, there are many people who combine their efforts and talents to expand their opportunities by moving into other better areas. Successful immigrants keep connected with their home country and send what is usually expected from them. The benefits could be direct remittance sent to family or for other purposes and could also be in other multidimensional effects such as technology transfers, brain gain and help strengthen diplomatic efforts in their destination and international stages. (HDR, 2009) argued that moving generally brings benefits most directly in the form of remittance sent to immediate family members, thereby generating jobs for local workers as multiplier effect and behavioural changes in response to ideas from abroad. The benefits even go beyond this by increasing investment level of their origin. Further, the same report states that at the place of origin, impacts can be seen in income and consumption, education, health and broader cultural and social process. Moreover, the macro impact can be visibly seen in the countries foreign currency reserves. This is because foreign currency reserve is one of the most important components for economic growth of developing countries. Murinde, 1993 ac cited in Elsakka and Mcnabb (1999) argued that remittances are major sources of foreign exchange for man y developing countries where its limited availability acts as a major constraint on economic development programmes and stabilization policy. For countries like Ethiopia which witnessed shortage of foreign reserves for the last three years, it is so crucial to think about how national policy can be made favourable for remittance flow. The increase in remittance not only helps in solving the foreign reserve crunch but also contributes to poverty reduction programmes through the increase of consumption at household level, encouraging investment, creating additional savings to the economy and through other multiplier effects. However, too much remittance could make the economy dependent on it which will affect the diversification of the economy for export and production. McCormick and Wahba (2000) argued that one of the drawbacks of remittance for the receiving country could beDutch Diseaseas the economy of the home country can weaken as a result of receiving remittance. Further, the d ependency on remittance could make the economy susceptible to external shocks that could decline the flow of remittance as happened in 2009 global economic downturn. But still remittance has been less volatile to external shocks than other sources of capital such as export, FDI and foreign aid in the same period when there was decline in capital flows to developing countries in the global financial crises. Remittance could be more stable than private capital flows, and that they might even provide a stabilizing element during periods of financial instability (Buch and Kuckulenz, 2004). In anyway, for countries like Ethiopia which badly needs capital inflows, this shouldnt be a concern as the country is suffering from shortage of foreign currency reserve for importing basic and capital goods. Further, dependency on remittance wouldnt be a threat as the country is progressing economically by diversifying its exports and attracting more FDI ever. Recipients however should also consider the availability of these funds could develop a continuing trend of migration of working age population (ibid: 2004). Remittance therefore could be incentives for the working age population and for the educated ones to migrate which in turn affects the overall growth of the economy in the long run. The main focus of this study will be on matters associated with remittance and its determinants. International remittances refer to the money and goods that are transmitted to households by migrant workers outside their origin countries (World Bank). The Remittance industry is one of the multi-billion industries in the world which helps countries get foreign currency from different sources abroad. The volume of remittance flow is increasing in many folds from year to year especially starting from the 1990s. The amount has shown an increase of ____fold from __ in _____to 316 billion USD in 2009 (WB, 2009). Globalization, decreasing cost of transfers and the increase in technology usage in the business could contribute for the faster increase in the flow. Remittances have been identified as the third pillar of development as their volume is second to foreign direct investment and higher than overseas development assistance.  [1]  Remittance enables income redistribution between persons and across sectors, increases consumption in excess of locally generated income and is used as source of additional capital fund (Lucas and Stark, 1985). It is for this big reason that governments have been taking different initiatives for increasing the proportion of capital flows to their account and actually the business has increased tremendously for the last few years. Its importance is inevitable especially for those developing countries which often suffer due to short of hard currency. Since 2008, developing countries have experienced foreign currency crises which in some of them resulted in shutting down businesses, high inflation, increasing the poverty level which in turn led to clashes between government and ordinary people. The World Banks official data shows that remittance flows to developing countries reached $316 billion in 2009, down 6% from $336 billion in 2008 but is expected to increase by 6.2% to $335 billion in 2010 (World Bank, 2010). Unofficial remittances are believed to be large enough to underestimate the figure of the total remittance flow. Howe ver, Official Development Assistance was three times less than the above figure at the same period. This is not to underestimate the volume of ODA given to developing countries, but to show how much attention is given to ODA than to remittances as sources of capital flows. The same data sources (WB and ODA figures) reveal similar trends for Africa. Some studies on this issue show that remittances have direct implications for the development of developing countries both in household and national level. However, some countries are not giving that much emphasis for changing and increasing remittance flow to their country; if taken, the initiatives are not enough to bring change. Ethiopia like any other developing country needs remittance flow to its account so as to help the countrys overall development. It is one of the countries which passed critical times since 2008 due to hard currency crunch. Still there is no guarantee for this problem. For passing these hard times, the country has been dependent on foreign aid from the IMF to stabilize its economy.  [2]  Further the country has also been one of the main recipients of foreign aid from other sources. Ethiopia stands third next to Iraq and Afghanistan on the list of ODA recipient by taking 3% of the total Official Development Assistance given to developing countries in 2008 (ODA, 2010). This doesnt include the capital flow from China and India which they are becoming another source of capital for Ethiopia and other African countries. However, capital flows to Ethiopia through remittances is very low when compared with the ODA and other unofficial foreign assistance. Official data from the WB shows th at remittance flow was 387 and 383 million USD in 2008 and 2009 respectively. And this flow accounts 1.5% of the GDP as of 2008.  [3]  Even with simple comparison, the remittance flow is four times as low as the amount Kenya receives from the same business. The flow of remittance to Kenya was 1692 and 1572 billion USD in 2008 and 2009 respectively.  [4]  This comparison only shows the gross flow of remittance to Ethiopia and Kenya as my main intention is to look how low the flow to Ethiopia is. To the contrary, in 2005, Ethiopian stock of emigrants was 445,926 and that of Kenya was 427, 324 (WB factbook, 2008) which makes Ethiopia advantageous over the number of people living abroad. There can be other factors that determine remittance flow; however, Ethiopia at least should have benefited more from the gross remittance flow than Kenya depending on the stock of emigrants which the actual trend is the reverse. Even without comparison with any country, the remittance flow to E thiopia is very small. What triggered me to deal with this issue is that; first, the flow of remittance to Ethiopia is much lower than from what I expected. Second, as can be seen from the above comparison with Kenya which they lay in the same geographical, social, economical and political standard in many aspects, Kenya suppressed its East African competitor by four fold in the gross remittance flow and actually Ethiopia should have been benefited more. Third, what is the reason behind this? Where the difference does lays, from the Ethiopian Diaspora or from the national policy? My aim in this study is to look into what are the determinants that made remittance to Ethiopia so low by mainly focusing on the Ethiopian Diasporas patterns of remitting. Research questions: The research problem is already explained above. To deal with the research problem, this study will focuses on the following research questions: What are the determinants that affect remittance trends and patterns of the Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden? What are the factors that affect remittance flows to Ethiopia? What makes remittance flows to Ethiopia very small? Is it in the national policy related to remittance and capital flows or it is in Ethiopian immigrants? How can this business work better for Ethiopia as source of hard currency? Methodology: The study will apply qualitative method for investigating the research questions. This method is selected based on the appropriateness to the research issues considering the effectiveness of the method to investigate research questions in depth and suitability to the phenomenon. Controversies have raged over the appropriateness of research methods in the social science as whether to use qualitative or other methods (Mikkelsen, 2004:141). Flick, (2009:15) discussed that in scientific discipline; methods become the point of reference for checking the suitability of ideas and issues for empirical investigation and should be appropriately selected and applied. Moreover, the method helps in exploring the actual explanation of facts behind the research problem. However, making generalization based on the findings is difficult as the samples taken for the study are limited in proportion for the intended generalization. (Flick, 2009: 122) asserted that generalization is not in every case the goal of qualitative study. Qualitative study typically focuses on compiling a selection of micro-level case studies which are investigated using a combination of informal interviews, participant observation (Dessai and Potter, 2006:118). It could also include exploring policy documents and other material for complementary purposes. In order to facilitate these all, a case study will be used. This is because case study helps the study to be more specific on the key aspects and focus on the issue. Thus, the research will use Ethiopian immigrants in Stockholm, Sweden as a case study. The target group will be Ethiopians living in Sweden as the writer is also living in Sweden and at the same time Sweden is one of the top favorable destinations of Ethiopian immigrants (Sweden is within top 10 as a stock to Ethiopian immigrants). Interview with selected Ethiopian immigrants in Stockholm will be used for collecting data along with other secondary materials. Semi-structured and open ended q uestions will be prepared for the interviews so as to use the advantage of high degree of flexibility during the interview. Different themes will be created while preparing the interviews so as to structure the different issues and aspects on the remittance trends of the specific interviewee. Sampling Different sampling methods are combined depending on the particular dimension of the issue being considered: different purposive sampling techniques, identification of key informants who possess the particular knowledge sought and also random encounters to cross-check information or highlight yet more differing perspectives on the same problem (Dessai and Potter, 2006:118). By doing so, the researcher will select the appropriate people or target group which will enable the study in getting reliable information. The study will use purposive sampling and key informant selection for interview. The sample will include both male and female interviewees; it will also consider taking those who have investment in Ethiopia and those who dont have, this is because investment is one factor that could affect money flow. In addition to this, the sample will consist people of different backgrounds. Apart from these interviewees, one interview will be held with the head of the economic affairs of E thiopian embassy official if the embassy allows. This will give another perspective to the study. Theoretical framework Theory increases our awareness of interconnections and of the broader significance of data. Without making theory explicit, it is easy to fall into the trap of hazy thinking, faulty logic, and imprecise concepts (Mikkelsen, 2004:156). Indeed, theory helps us to have better understanding of the study prior to the start of the project and connect the findings of the research with the existing knowledge of the issue. It is also sound to link the theory with the empirics of the study throughout the research process. For this big reason the research will use a theoretical framework which suits with the study. The literature available on the subject, determinants of remittance flows from emigrants has almost developed into two thoughts viz. the micro-economic and the macro-economic factors which it meant that most studies have been made on micro-level and macro-level. (Lucas and Stark, 1985; Lucas and Stark, 1988 ; Agarwal and Horowitz, 2002; Adams, 2008; Dustmann and Mestres, 2008; Gupta and Hedge, 2009) could be studies that support the micro-economic thought and (El-sakka and Mcnabb, 1999; Buch and Kuckulenz 2004; Higgins et al, 2004 and Ratha, 2003 ) could be in support of the macro-economic factors. These two theories give their own explanations on what affects the migrants behavior in remitting. For instance, (Lucas and Stark, 1985) in giving the initial model for the micro-economic theory of remittance argued that emigrants are motivated for remitting due to many reasons ranging from pure altruism to self interest including mutual agreements between migrants and family. Moreover, th e models did show that migrants are said to be altruistic if the flow of remittance increased with a decline in family income back home; whilst, if remittance flows are directly related with the family income back home, then they are said to be self-motivated (ibid, 1985). Beyond these two pure factors of altruism and self-interest, (Lucas and Stark, 1985) have also discussed tempered altruism and enlightened self-interest to refer to the remittance motivated by a combination of altruism and self-interest. The combination is meant to show the possibility of remitting based on contractual agreements made between the migrant and the family back home so as to get mutual benefits. Independently after almost two decades of the above theory of Lucas and Stark, (Agarwal and Horowitz, 2002) pointed out that the two primary incentives explored in the remittance literature are altruism and risk sharing (some sort of self interest according to Lucas and Stark, 1985) which is similar concepts t o other literatures but slightly different. In the same theoretical explanation, however, (Quinn, 2005 as cited in Niimi et al, 2009) in contrast, suggested another model of remittance behavior whereby remittance are treated as both consumption transfer to households and as alternative saving mechanism for migrants. Many immigrants use the alternative saving mechanism when they think that they will be back to their country of origin some day in the future. Under such circumstances, immigrants want to own fixed assets that will help them live without any problem upon return. Though it is not usual to see immigrants returning to their country of origin; this increases the flow of remittance. (Dustmann and Mestres, 2008) contended that immigrants return policy increases the probability of remitting more motivated by holding assets and savings in home country for future purposes. Similarly, remittances are also attached with household consumption especially in the altruism concept so as to take care of family in origin country. Depending on these theoretical arguments, it can be said that income of both the household back home and the migrant determines how the remittance flow could be. Income of the migrants has many factors that could affect which otherwise would contribute the lion share in determining how to remit. Buch and Kuckulenz (2004) claimed that microeconomic factors such as education and income level of the migrant and his family are the main determinants of remittance. Briere et al (2002) and Agarwal, Buch and Kuckulenz (2004) also found that migrants destination, gender and household composition are the other factors that affect the flow of remittances. Adams, Guptaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. On the other hand, at the macro-level, factors operating in both the host and the country of origin will affect the flow of remittance (El-sakka and Mcnabb, 1999). However, for countries who would like to maximize the capital inflow it looks difficult to frame policies based on the different factors of the host country as it is out of their control. Indeed, the factors in the host country are important components behind the motivation of the remitter as these factors affect the remitters income status. These are related with economics nature of the host country which have direct impact upon wages earned by the migrants and this in turn will determine their won consumption and saving behavior and thus the potential amount to be remitted. This type of experience can be easily found from the 2009 global financial crises which affected the income of migrants and eventually decreased the capital inflow to developing countries. The decrease in remittance to developing countries in this per iod has bitterly affected those countries which depend on remittance for their national foreign currency reserve. This gave these countries a message to review their remittance related policies and diversify their source of capital funds. El-sakka and Mcnabb, (1999) suggested that macro-economic factors such as interest rates, exchange rates and political instability of the country of origin affects the behavior of remitters. Accordingly, they argue that macro-economic factors should be suitable enough so as to encourage remittance flows to the country of origin. For these reasons countries would like to make exchange rates competitive by depreciating their own currencies with the intention of attracting more capital inflows, but sometimes it is associated with risk of bringing high inflation rate for the country. El-sakka and Mcnabb, (1999) on their part argued that higher inflation could discourage the flow of remittance as higher inflation rate could be a sign of economic and pol itical instability. To curb such associated problems, therefore, different variables should be taken into consideration while framing remittance related policy. On the other hand, empirical analysis using data from Egypt shows that remittance flows are responsive to interest rate and exchange rate differentials (ibid, 1985). Attractive interest and exchange rates would eventually lead immigrants to think of investing their money in their home country. Ratha (2003) also suggested that macroeconomic policies of the country of origin matter a lot whether remittances are to be invested or not. If remittances are encouraged to be invested, there is better chance for the economy to get more than two benefits from the same source. Interest rate differential between country of origin and host country, government domestic policies, wages, political risk factors and the rate of inflation determines remittance flows (Buch and Kuckulenz 2004). Since the aim of the study is to find out the factors that determine the patterns and trends of remittance flow; the two approaches can contribute some from different perspectives in framing the better solution for the research question. Off course, both the micro and macro level factors focus on the individual behavior of the remitter from personal experience and from national policy perspective. The personal experiences are those factors that affect at the micro-level: whilst, the national policy factors are those at macro-level factors that contribute in determining the individuals behavior in remitting. However, in most literatures the advocates of each approach neither discussed nor ruled out the counter ideas. For instance, the micro-economic theorists didnt discuss the possibility of macro-economic factors and the same goes for the macro-level theorists. This makes difficult to uncover the exact relationship of each theory and what they actually think of each other. For instan ce, Buch and Kuckulenz (200) argued that the main problem of microeconomic case studies is that they tend to undervalue the macroeconomic impact of remittance by focusing on isolated communities. (reference for combined studies). Thus, this study will have the chance to investigate this problem by looking into both approaches at the same time and adding up other perspectives beyond the economic theorization. The two theories focuses on the economic determinants of remittance, however, this study will go beyond this and touches other aspects that affects the patterns and trends of remittance flow. The study will also add another perspective to the remittance literature by going deep using qualitative method of studies. This is because most studies on this business have been made using quantitative method. This means, this theoretical framework adds other variables such as cultural, social and political factors that affect the flow of remittance. In a different perspective, Elbadawi and Rocha (1992) discussed concerning motivations to remit as two broad approaches viz. the endogenous which is based on the social and human aspects that cause remittance and the exogenous which is based on only the economic aspects.

The Business Environment Of Toyota Cars Marketing Essay

The Business Environment Of Toyota Cars Marketing Essay Business strategy can be achieved by observing both internal and external environment factors of the organisation (Kotler, 2003). SWOT and PESTLE are tools to find out the position, status and the future of the business and its strategy, and the factors of macro environment highlights the present and future problems which may an organisation can suffer (Morrison, 2006). Environmental audit/scanning has been defines by Pilbeam Corbridge, (2002) The process through which managers as the organisation strategists use different tools and perception to constantly gather and feedback information about the environment to inform decision maker. Moreover it has been describes that environmental scanning is linked with the performance of organisation because through environmental scanning the company will be in a position to get direction for the future present and may for future(Thomas et al, 1993). Below are the main factors which effect the environment of an organisation. The writer has analysed these factors in the Toyota and studied their mission, strategies and customer service which reflect that in automobile industry as Toyota is world leading company in providing maximum best customer service, quality in products and maximum satisfaction to each and every customer. The writer feel that there is a proper coordination of work and its seems to be a strong culture in the line of company suppliers, staff, customers, competitors, and other company stake holders like partners and investors. External Factors/Macro Environment: Ireland et al, (2008) described external environment as general environment. Political, economic, social and demographic, technological, global are those forces which effects strategy of an organisation. These forces help to scan the business environment (Morrison, 2006). Environmental scanning is tool for monitoring and evaluating forces which effect organisation long term goal and its strategy. Micro environment can impact on companies internal factors for business process such as employee and customer satisfaction. Therefore new strategy of an organisation needs to be defined according to new macro environmental changes which come from Pestle forces. Impact of Economic Factors on Business Strategy: Both external and internal factors affect the environment of the business in all aspects. According to case study below are some economic forces which effect Toyota business worldwide: Economic Growth: If the ability of a country increases in the line of economic stability it mean the country has ability to increase high product because there is a high demand. Economic growth also reflect high purchasing power of the consumers that is why the economic growth has double impact on the economics of the country one side the manufacturer and producer has to produce more because the chance of high profit as it reflect there is a demand. If economic growth and development goes down in the country where Toyota is operating their services then it will affect Toyota in term of sales and production (Economic Notes, 2007). For example 1995 Toyota started small plant in southwest Indiana and within 10 years its growth and production increases to double (Kaelble, (2007). Business is affected by the economic situations, on-going recession which is unpredictable in the United Kingdom and worldwide as many companies have suffered. In the beginning 2010 Toyota was also affected by recession, and the company has to cut down its costs and slow down many operations which brought Toyota in loss (Krish, 2009). Inflation Rate: Inflation is a condition of increasing prices. It effects economy of country badly and distort consumers behaviour towards products. High rate of inflation increase stress for organisation future plans and living standards of people (LasanthaW, 2010). According to report inflation rate in United Kingdom Increased to 4% and this increase will bring instability in every business. Business costs will rise for the products which have been outsourcing (BBC, 2011). For Toyota through inflation, menu costs, services costs and other costs will rise. Therefore, the business environment internally and externally has to demonstrate properly in the line of new pricing strategy. Exchange rates: As Toyota is world largest company and operating in different countries and as operating a business at international level the exchange rate is another factor in economic conditions that have effected on the business strategy of Toyota. As currency rates differs due to economic condition of the country and world business depends on US economy. Toyota management needs to keep an eye on the exchange rate in order to get the cheap but high quality products and material to serve their customers (Sloman and Sutcliffe, 2004). Globalisation: Globalisation is fast growing impact in world as Levitt, (1983) said all companies have to learn in the global world by understanding national, international and regional differences and have to develop product and service according to new shifts which are exists in the global economy. In Levitt research it has been highlight that all the changes in this world are due to new paradigm and phenomenon of globalisation. Morrison, (2006) states that demographic change in the world has brought world together on one platform as one large market and this happens because of globalisation. Skill Level of Work Force: The unemployment rate is that rate determined by the structural and frictional forces in the economy which cannot be reduced by raising aggregate demand Pearce, 1989, p. 296(Goliath, 2008). The economy of country will be more productive if the education level of people living in that country is high. If the people of the country are educated, they can develop new industries and technologies. Education is key factor to economic survival. It can pioneer new areas for jobs. Companies always need new skills thats the reason every company train its staff for future investment (Coughlan, 2004). Impact of Social Factors on New Business strategy: Same as economic factors business is affected by social factors below are some highlighted factors: Population Growth: Morrison, (2006) states that population is not still, it keeps on changing all the time. These changes are in form of increase or decrease in death, birth or migration rate. These demographic changes have long term effect on society and businesses. According to U.S Census Bureau, 2010 population in the world is increasing dramatically by report population in next 30 years will go up to approximately 3 billion. This demographic change affect the business market and every business try to move to the place where growth rate and buying power is high. E.g. in china population growth rate is high and every business starts from there. Attitude: Attitude is the important factor in customer service industry. Attitude and behaviour are those social factors which help organisation to improve its customer service. Attitude affects all the areas of business like customers, staff, suppliers and investors. If having positive attitude customer want to spend money on product and vice versa. But in the 21st century economic conditions should be taken along with positive attitude to perform well in market (Makin, 2009). Location: Location is one of the important social factors in business. Before starting business companies take surveys to analyse the focus of customers in that area. Main purpose of these surveys is to identify the right product for right area. For instance a report published by Kaelble, S (2007) in Indiana business magazine that how Toyota moved forward within ten years when it set up its plants in southwest Indiana. Culture: Culture has great impact on any business as it refers to the values, norms, and beliefs adopted over a period of time through mutual interaction and the history (Morrison, 2006).Impact of cultural globalisation effect the business as due to cultural difference between England and United States Toyota is selling left hand drive cars while in England is right hand (Levitt 1983). Strategy for Business Effectiveness of Toyota: All the above factors play a major role in determine the competitiveness of an organisation. The ability of an organisation is to forecast the business environment and drafting alternative plans for business growth and stability is important. If the history of Toyota will be taken into account company has done well in its career of production and quality but in past few years Toyota has got many problems in its manufacturing system and lost billions of dollars. Based on their policy of Customer First and sustaining the position Toyota came up with a strategy to recall its cars to give their customers extra care. According to report published by newspaper Toyota recalled its millions of cars because of defects in their manufacturing and decided to give their money back to the customer, for not telling their customer of these defects in the vehicles. Though it has affected company economically but Toyota has gained loyalty of his customer (www.bbc.co.uk). So, Toyota strategy has significant impact on social behaviour of the customer in the line of future demands. Report published by BBC on July (2009) Apart from that Toyota had done great for its future plans; company is manufacturing eco-friendly hybrid cars and achieving great efficiency. Company believes that eco-cars can have a positive impact on the environment only if they are widely used. According to company statement: TMC will continue to improve the fuel efficiency of its conventional combustion-engine cars, which account for the majority of its sales, while raising performance ,reducing costs and expanding the companys product lineup(Costea, 2010). Therefore the eco-friendly strategy is basically the co-corporate social responsibility. this type of strategy increasing company awareness as according to research in USA and Australia 84% consumers demanding the goods if the company responding the positively to the environment, then they said we buy the products. So, eco-friendly cars of Toyota are diverting attention of consumers socially. In North America Toyota has strategy of increase product sale by targeting young customers. Consumers has loyalty about the brand and company has got great reputation in term of quality and low prices thats why in 2002 one-fourth of its profit was gained from North America. Toyota has best manufacturing facility and great relations with their suppliers. Moreover company is losing money in Europe but their new strategy is to manufacture more cars on regional scale and compete in formula one race. According to Rugman and Collinson, (2006) Toyota is a mainly efficient and competent company at outsourcing for production and with other suppliers by enjoying friendly and long term relationship. Toyota has made sustainable mobility and environmental leadership core principles of its business strategy for future growth. As part of this strategy, Toyota is pursuing a broad range of technologies, each representing a step forward in reducing the environmental impact of automobiles. Alternative fuel sources, such as bio fuels, will play key role and these cars made to lower down environmental damage and co2 emission (www.toyota.eu). That is why Toyota brand is also diverting attention of market because of its quality and reputations. These factors help Toyota to boost their economy socially in future sales. Writer thinks that the interesting thing in Toyota is to know about the secret of its success in the market. According to Morgan Liker (2006) hard work, educated staff and their motivational teamwork within specific process are the key success factors of Toyota. This process is so called sociotechnical system (STS), was introduces in 1970 and 1980. STS describe itself as the secret behind the success of an organisation is to know about social and technical factor and their impact on external environment. Companys production system is also developed from STS which bring company in that position that it can achieve its external goals like social, economic and technological goals (Rodrick, D.2007).

Passion in Peter Shaffers Equus Essay -- Peter Shaffer, Equus

In Peter Shaffer's Equus, A psychiatrist, Martin Dysart, is conducting an investigation on Alan Strang. He is learning, through his investigation of Alan's horrific crime, about what it really means to make someone "normal" and what a psychiatrist really does. It is the job of Dysart to find the motive of Alan's actions, but he is not prepared for what he learns. After meeting Alan, Dysart has a dream. This dream is of a ritual sacrifice in Greece. Dysart's passion lies in Greece. He has always wanted to believe in something greater than himself. He wants to be connected to a greater power and meaning. As he tells Hester on page 82, "The finicky, critical husband looking through is art books on mythical Greece. What worship has he ever known? Real worship! Without worship you shrink, it's as simple as that I shrank my own life." He is criticizing himself on not trying to achieve that dream of passion he has always had. In this dream he plays the high chief in the ritual. He is the most important person in the ritual, signifying a psychiatrist. Slicing open children and ripping out their intestines. This signifies taking out what makes a person unique. This dream personifies what psychiatry is, its fitting everyone into one mold, taking out their originality and destroying their passion. The next day he starts his investigation of Alan. Trying to piece together his life to find out how he got to the breaking point. He learns of the religion that Alan created around Equus. His mother had brought him up to be very religious by reading to him from the bible and Alan drew a connection between horses the Jesus. That was the foundation for his religion. The picture of a horse had even replaced a picture of J... ...ther's stories. The Chinkle Chankle in the horses' mouth was a reaction to the memory of Trojan on the beach. All these things that Alan could comprehend made sense in Equus. Dysart admits this on page 81 "I only know that it's the core of his life. What else has he got? Many men have less vital with their wives" Equus is the core of Alan's life, and Dysart knows that. Equus is that heart of Alan's body. If the heart is removed the body cannot continue to live. Dysart was wrong to remove Equus from Alan. He was wrong to kill the passions that he envied so much. All this for what? Normalcy. Dysart did not heal Alan he ravaged him. In a world devoid of passion, it is the most important thing one can have. Every day people go about their ways passionless and now Alan joins them. Work Cited Shaffer, Peter. Equus. 1973. New York: Penguin Books, 1977.

Elementary Education Observation Essay --

As I entered South County Elementary School Theresa Geis, the principal, was waiting for me so that she could introduce me to the first and fifth grade teachers. At first this seemed like a dream due to the fact that I had been to that same school for my early childhood observation. Knowles elementary has about 629 students and a total of 55 teachers (publicschoolreview.com). The students have different ethnic backgrounds that provide a culturally diverse student body. These ethnic groups include: 48% Hispanic, 40% White, % unknown, 5% African American, and 1% Asian (publicschoolreview.com). As I entered the first grade classroom of Mrs. Robinson I knew it was the classroom that I wanted to observe. The classroom had a warm feeling and Mrs. Robinson walked immediately up to me to introduce herself. The classroom was filled with posters, laughter, and little children trying to put away their backpacks and jackets in their lockers. The desks were laid out in groups and it could be seen that each of the students had a partner that they were going to work with throughout that day. As Mrs. Geis left I was able to sit and watch Mrs. Robinson begin to teach her classroom filled with excited first graders. Borich (2011) explains lesson clarity as, â€Å"The teacher’s ability to speak clearly and directly to the class and to organize and structure content at the students’ current level of understanding† (pg. 272). This means that how the teacher speaks and organizes their lesson content needs to be tailored to the students’ ability to retain the information. To be able to obtain lesson clarity there are three different dimensions that must be followed. These dimensions are informing learners of the objective, providing lear... ... statement from the beginning of the semester has not change except one little part. The change would be that I would add every moment, minute, and second in a classroom matters. It is through these observation I have set personal goals that will help me throughout the rest of my life. These goals are: 1. Finish my degree in Elementary Education a. Hopefully received my masters 2. Create a journal or a book about all the experiences I have had through observing and as a future teacher. (To turn back to when I am struggling or am trying to find an answer to a problem I might have) It will take me a few years to accomplish the goals that I have; however, I have now observed many teachers who have completed these goals. These teachers have given me hope and a sense of determination to finish my school so that I can start to make an impact in the world as well.

Child Beauty Pageant

Formal Outline: Child Beauty pageant Introduction: 1. How many of you guys have heard or seen the show Toddler and Tiaras? It’s a show where toddlers and young children take stage wearing make ups, spray tans and fake hair to be judged on beauty, personality and costumes. Tiaras are following families on their guest for sparkly crowns, big tittles, and lots of cash. 2. Preview : I think child beauty pageant is absolutely unacceptable. Children should be on the play ground playing games, be active and have fun not, wear makeup and have fake tan and get judged for their â€Å"beauty†. . Thesis: We should show and teach the younger generation that beauty is not everything; we should not let little young girls participate in beauty contest. They are growing too fast, they don’t even understand the whole thing and usually they are dragged by their parents & you don’t even know if that’s actually something the child wants to do. Body : 1. First main point : Is beauty everything? What are we really teaching these young kids? When a interviewer asks most child beauty contestants â€Å"which one would you rather be? Smart or beautiful? and most of them answered beautiful, this is something not a little 5-8 year old should be responding. It’s scary enough to know that they have an idea of what beauty means, this is something we should only worry about when we are older. * Sub point: These beauty pageant contests has taught them that being beautiful means being fake and superficial. * Sub point: They are growing too fast, makeup and hair products can do a lot of harm to little kids face and their hair. * Sub point: I understand that some pageant are for scholarships, good cause and family bonding time but there are always other ways you can do those things.I think entering a beauty contest is little bit extreme and can really ruin how kids feel about themselves and the world. * Sub point: It wouldn’t be bad if they are doi ng natural beauty contest, I don’t have anything against them but most of the child beauty pageant are not. Transition: some parents take the beauty pageant too far and far too serious because some of them took drastic measures. Second main point: Botox 1. This is one of the most ridiculous I have ever seen and heard â€Å"a mother injected her 8-year old daughter with Botox. † (Good morning America)The mother said â€Å"I knew she was complaining about her face, having wrinkles, and things like that when I brought it up to Britney she was all for it† 2. What kid needs Botox for wrinkles? And do these parents do whatever their children ask for? I don’t want to judge how to raise their own children but injecting your own kid with Botox is crossing the line. She also admitted that she was actually encouraged by other stage mothers and they do it to their children. 3. The Botox procedure is done by the mother herself; she is not even a doctor? When they aske d little Britney if Botox hurt she said â€Å" yes but its less than getting her legs waxed†Transition: Is it really for their children? Why are these parents taking it so far? Third main point: 1. Of course all these pageant moms say they are doing this for their kid, but teaching their kids to being superficial and fake is not the right way. They want their kid to win, they make it important for their kids to win and these young kids are being pressure to win â€Å"beauty† contest. The parents usually say it makes their daughter feels beautiful, confidences and get use to pressure, what if they lose? What does that do to the kid? 2. These kids are not ready for those things; they need to learn those slowly.Growing up too fast is bad for them and giving them a mental picture that beauty is everything. Conclusion : Which brings me back to my first main point: that we should be teaching our kids to have fun and tell them how education is important and outside beauty is important. The only beauty they should know is about inner beauty and being a nice person not about make ups and being skinny. Clincher: In conclusion, I hope all of you guys feels the same way as me or at least close to it because these little kids don’t need to be judged on their â€Å"beauty† don’t let them ruin their childhood and say NO to child beauty pageant.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 8

The Dress-up Dinner Ronnie finally comes to visit me in my basement and says, â€Å"I'm on my way home, so I only have a few minutes.† As I finish my set of bench presses, I smirk because I know what that statement means. Veronica does not know he has come to see me, and Ronnie needs to keep it quick if he does not want to get caught doing something without Veronica's permission – something like saying hello to his best friend, whom he has not seen for a long time. When I sit up, he says, â€Å"What happened to your face?† I touch my forehead. â€Å"My hands slipped yesterday, and I dropped the bar on myself.† â€Å"And it made your cheek all puffy like that?† I shrug because I do not really want to tell him my father punched me. â€Å"Man, you really have trimmed down and bulked up. I like your gym,† he says, eyeballing my weight bench and Stomach Master 6000, and then he sticks out his hand. â€Å"Think I could come over and work out with you?† I stand, shake his hand, and say, â€Å"Sure,† knowing the question is only yet another one of Ronnie's false promises. â€Å"Listen, I'm sorry I never came to see you when you were in Baltimore, but we had Emily, and well, you know how it is. But I felt like the letters kept us close. And now that you're home, we can hang out all the time, right?† â€Å"As if – ,† I start to say, but then bite my tongue. â€Å"As if – what?† â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"You still think Veronica hates you?† I keep my mouth shut. He smiles and says, â€Å"Well, if she hated you, would she be inviting you over for dinner tomorrow night?† I look at Ronnie, trying to gauge whether he is serious or not. â€Å"Veronica's making a big meal to welcome you home. So are you coming, or what?† â€Å"Sure,† I say, still not believing my ears, because Ronnie's promises usually do not come with specific words like â€Å"tomorrow† attached. â€Å"Great. Be at my house at seven o'clock for drinks. Dinner's at eight, and it's going to be one of the wife's formal candlelit three-course meals, so wear something nice, okay? You know how Veronica is about her dress-up dinners,† he says, and then hugs sweaty me, which I tolerate only because I am so shocked by Veronica's invitation. With a hand on my shoulder, Ronnie looks me in the eye and says, â€Å"Man, it's good to have you home, Pat.† As I watch him jog up the stairs, I think about how much trash Nikki and I would talk about Ronnie and Veronica if apart time were over and Nikki was going to the dress-up dinner with me. â€Å"Dress-up dinner,† Nikki would say. â€Å"Are we in elementary school?† God, Nikki hates Veronica.

Lyndon B. Johnson Essay

Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential reign began with the assassination of former president John F. Kennedy in 1963. While the people of the United States tried to recover from the loss of Kennedy, Johnson used it to his advantage. Many citizens did not notice that this was being done, and some even wonder if Johnson himself knew he was using it to his advantage. By him telling America that Kennedy would have wanted the Great Society, the people believed him and went through with it. Many things, both good an bad came out of the Great Society. The Great Society was Johnson’s way of fixing the problems in America, that being the political, emotional and mostly the social problems. Johnson used the nations grief to pass the civil rights bill. It had the same idea of the bill Kennedy was planning on passing, but the difference was that Johnson’s was stronger and more powerful. This act was passed in July of 1964, and it outlawed radical discrimination in all public places. Places that included hotels, and restaurants, it banned the discrimination of unions, and the employers and even programs that were funded by the federal government. The civil rights act was not the only thing passed in 1964 though, he also passed the Economic Opportunity Act. As seen in document B, the act was made to help people in poverty. It started head start, a preschool program funded by the government, and gave workers and farmers money to break through and escape from poverty. It improved what was being done in our nation at that time, and became a milestone for our 180-year search for a better life for our people. With these couple of acts being formed it did help our poverty rates change. When you look at document H you can see that in 1959 before Johnson’s presidency, the poverty rate was at 55.1 for blacks, 18.1 for whites, and 53.3 for all non-whites. Once the acts were formed the rates went down a little and were recorded in 1966 by about 15 percent except for whites, the whites only went down 7 percent. They kept decreasing until 1974 where they were last recorded in the document at 29.5 percent for all non-whites, 31.4 for blacks, and 8.9 for whites. The white race was effected the most by this and they decreased the most out of all of races. Now with the change of the  poverty rates, Johnson also tried to help with medical prices. He started insurance programs such as Medicare for seniors and Medicaid for the poor. Document A shows Abraham Ribcoff testifying before the House of Representatives about the prices of medical care. The discovery of more advanced medical sciences and life spans lasting longer, the elders and poor need more help paying these bills and with Medicare and Medicaid help will be provided. Now the Great Society was a huge deal during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidency. Probably because it had a huge impact on America to this day. Johnson poured millions, even billions of dollars into building a perfect society. While he was putting money into this, he was spending money trying to help with the Vietnam War. Document E is a perfect cartoon of what was happening in the time period. Johnson knew that we could not win the war, but he kept us fighting. Many lives were lost, and more and more money was spilt into it. The idea of his Great Society fed right into the war. So much money was lost into the US economy and it is money that we have not gotten back. People were disappointed with Johnson because he kept us fighting, but he did not under their anger. In document F, an interview of Johnson in 1967, he states, â€Å"How is it possible that all these people could be so ungrateful to me after I had given them so much?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He has a point where he had done a lot , but this was nothing compared to the pain families had felt over their loved ones. Johnson was not the only political figure during this ear that made a strong impact on civil rights. Several supreme court cases were occurring at this time between the Miranda rights, and when Plessy was overturned by Brown. Along with Baker v. Carr and Engel v. Vitale. All of these impacted women and blacks. Betty Freedan was against the perfect life idea for women. Where they need to be the perfect wife for their husbands and how it was every woman’s dream. Betty had this life and it was not her dream. Blacks wanted full rights, no more segregation between them. With these two together the civil rights movement began. More information on these two groups are found in document C and D. Johnson faced a lot during his presidency, and he made it through all of it. He made a large impact on American’s life. Economically he put us into a severe struggle, but he did help with medical care, and schooling for children. Socially we now have equal rights, and the civil rights movement did work after a while. We all get along in schools and those movements started it all. Politically he was not the best president, but they all have ups and downs. My own opinion, Johnson was an okay president. Life was difficult then, but many of those difficult things made the life we live today a lot better.

Chipotle Competitive Asstment Essay

As a pioneer in fast-casual Mexican food, Chipotle has played an important role in developing this category. Currently, Chipotle’s direct competitors include Taco Bell, Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe’s Southwest Grill, so on. Their competition also includes a variety of locally owned and franchised restaurants. Many of Chipotle’s competitors have more financial resources, greater name recognition, or are better established in the markets in which their restaurants are located. However, Chipotle has their competitive strength due to their upscale menu selections and especially higher – quality ingredients. They use a variety of fresh ingredients, as well as their commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity†. Chipotle can utilize their relationships with local farmers to create a stronger marketing message and differentiate themselves relative to competitors by focusing on their locally farmed, free range, antibiotic and hormone free meat. (Chen b? ng) From the table of Competitive Strength Assessments of 4 restaurants, it can be seen that Chipotle Mexican Grill still has net competitive strength over Moe’s Southwest Grill (0. 4) and Qdoba Mexican Grill (0. 2). Only Taco Bell has the same overall competitive strength rating as Chipotle. Therefore, of 3 competitors, Taco Bell seems to have the strongest set of resource strengths and competitive capabilities and is most likely to achieve the best financial performance. It is recognized as of the best Mexican fast food chains in the United States of America with a specialized quick service approach. It had a total of 1,201 company-owned and 4,029 franchised restaurant locations in the United States, plus another 3 company-owned and 237 franchised international locations in 2012. Besides that, the change in the management and organizational structure trickled prosperity in Taco bell’s overall set up. However, Taco Bell, their rival, was scored the lowest in food quality and atmosphere among limited-service Mexican eateries by Nation’s Restaurant News and consultant WD Partners in September 2011. Therefore, Chipotle have a good enough strategy and adequate resource strengths and competitive capabilities to compete effectively against Taco Bell if they try their best to upscale menu selections, service atmosphere and especially keep their commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity†

Political Science 1, w question paper on the president and congress of Essay

Political Science 1, w question paper on the president and congress of the US - Essay Example This brief, yet concise, essay now turns to an overview of the history of the Presidency of the United States. From George Washington to Barack Obama, the Presidency of the United States of America remains the highest office in the land. As head of state as well as head of government, the President of the United States of America leads the federal government as well as the Executive branch of government. Although the election of the President is indirect in the United States and is accomplished through the Electoral College, the democratic election of the President is a traditional which dates back to the establishment of a free republic on the shores of the Americas. The Second Continental Congress following the American Revolution established a confederation system of government in which the office of a President as well as the body of Congress were created. Following the Constitutional Convention in the wake of revolution, the executive branch as created and established a series of checks and balances on the authority of the executive. Accordingly, the American system of political governa nce is predicated on the belief that there is a balance of power between the three major branches of government. Thus, in an effort to ensure that each branch is counterbalanced by the others, the Executive, Congress and the Judiciary work to ensure the smooth functioning of the legislative process in the United States. The multitude of roles played by the President have evolved and developed in tandem with the history of the United States. As commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the United States plays the important role commanding the most important army in the history of the world. As commander-in-chief, the President can direct the armed forces but cannot declare war without the authorization of Congress. This is an important

The Abolition of Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Abolition of Man - Essay Example 3. The other reason supporting Lewis argument is the fact that most judgment made by humans are built on false assumptions which come from the confusion of thought (Smilde 5). To supplement on this, there is debunk of the human sense of value in which it is highly inconvenient and incurable when engaged in decision making. This is simply because morality is human and humanity is nature and that nature is a thing to rule not to be ruled by (Smilde 5). This means humanity rules over judgment and decision making and not by the truth of the situation. 1. Treat others as you would want them to treat you. This law is meant to promote generalized harmony and safe stay among people within the society. If everybody in the society follows this law cases of discrimination and other crimes would not happen (Stanford 3). The legality of the law is the fact that it allows tit for tat policy where people would fear ill-treating others for them they wouldn’t want to be ill-treated. 2. Do not kill is another law which is ethically and morally appealing to the human race. The value of human life is very important and everybody has to protect and preserve life (Stanford 5). When this law is implemented and followed by everybody, the moral campaign within the society will see unethical characters like murder, abortion and self-death will cease as everybody will value life (Stanford 3). Adultery and prostitution illegality. This is another law that is based on promoting socially ethical character among people in the community. When adultery and prostitution are illegal, then people will have to be faithful to their wives. When this law is implemented, there will be a reduction in domestic cases of cheating husbands and wives which are very dangerous and can result in murder (Stanford 6). Moreover, cases of sexually transmitted infections will also reduce as everybody will have one intimate partner. Freedom of worship. This is another law that aims to promote harmony by respecting every culture, traditions and religious beliefs of human races (Stanford 10). It should be noted that human culture, traditions, and religion is dynamic and it varies depending on the community. When this law is implemented, a God-fearing society shall be created and peaceful living promoted. This is because most religions preach peace and love.

Health Services Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Services - Term Paper Example The two direct communication and indirect communication are touched-on under medical development technology, major trends under the population demographic and the significance of mortality during ancient age is discussed. Social structure is an interconnection where the key relationship in it is an organization which is brought together as one. It is made up of an individual or a group that communicate and interact with a good understand among each other. When a community or group in a society does not interact with another group appropriately, fight or violence often erupts up. When violence emerges, the entire environment become unconducive to human hence affects health. The violence eventually leads to the collapse of the economy of a nation or society, when there is a dispute in a community or society, everything not only becomes scares but also costly, these affects the economy of a region thus the persistence of lead to health deterioration. There are three stages of medical te chnology development named; two separate direct communication stages and indirect communication stage. ... r scanning fractured bones of a patient, Lastly indirect communication is one where the patient is subjected to technology and the responsible specialist is concentrated to only the data collected from the patient the they interpret the data without being involve directly to the patients, example of these specialists are clinicians. Because better educated people stumble on it easier to attain and calculate such information (Nayga 2000, de Walque 2007). The U.S population demography have been fully balanced not according to the past events, U.S alone has many races than any other part of the world, this has been conspicuous enough to the whole world, Jacob needle man surveyed that white non-Hispanic as a race were extremely dominant in terms of population, followed by the pure Hispanic, the Black, Asian then lastly the other races. U.S.A population is moving up and data from the Census bureau indicates that U.S.A population is sky-rocketing aged an even more ethically various. Just b ecause of downturn in the recent economy, percentage of persons living in poverty also had to escalate in the past years. Current Structure The demography trends made is made up of two companies; Medicaid and medic are there to be main priorities. In a span of 15 years alone, there population shoots up from 151 million to 296 million, resulting to an annual growth of 1.2 percent. Females’ outnumbered man by a good difference of 4.4 million and since the female population is speculated to continue surpassing male population. These trends of population did not only take place in the U.S, but everywhere else around the world. The ratio of 1:10 for male to female, the trend led to situation where American for instance had to be born in a foreign country where non- English way of life worked

Islam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam - Assignment Example As it is implied by both God and Holy Prophet (PBUH) that only righteous deeds can elevate one person over the rest, all Muslims immensely respect those who strive to do good and achieve noble objectives. Islam assigns different kinds of roles to men and women not on grounds of superiority or inferiority but because they have slightly different physical and emotional traits. Men mostly are physically and emotionally stronger than women so they are encouraged to work harder and support their whole family. The burden of work can be hugely stressful so it is reserved for the emotionally and physically stronger group. But that does not mean that Islam strictly prohibits women from becoming educationally accomplished or going out of their homes to earn money. Islam does not see any harm in women striving to make sure both ends are met when situation gets rough. Quran implies that gender equality should be put into practice (Muslim Women’s League, 2012). Life in Arabian Island befor e Islam reached it: Life in Arabian Island before Islam dawned on it is characterized by scholars as wild, wayward, lawless, undirected, restless, ominous, and demonic. Islam brought with itself the phenomenally relieving messages of peace, discipline, respect, lawfulness, ethics, humanity, and obedience. By emphasizing the presence of a higher being who should be respected and worshipped, Islam erased any possibility of jealousy or discrimination among Muslims. If Quran and Sunnah had implied that anyone among the followers who is virtuous and noble could be worshipped, conflict and discrimination would have resulted and there would have been multiple gods. But Islam put an end to such misery and asked all to observe one being and none else. Life in Arabian Island before Islam reached it was so exceedingly wayward that men and women were made to dance naked in the vicinity of the Ka’bah as part of the rituals and men used to bury their daughters alive out of gross hatred and gender discrimination (Subhani, n.d.). Before the advent of Islam, the Arab people used to treat women as mere sex objects who could be used for pleasure only and were granted no rights or protection. In stark contrast to the ancient teachings of other religions which stress that women are inherently sinful and wicked beings with no sense whatsoever and men are born virtuous and noble, Islam implies in accordance with the revolutionary teachings of Quran and Sunnah that men and women should be considered equal everywhere as they are created from the same soul and both are born innocent (Doi, n.d.). Changes brought by Islam in the Muslim culture: Islam brought multiple revolutionary and commendable changes in the Muslim culture. In fact Islam created the Muslim culture as before this religion dawned, there was no Muslim culture but a disgustful wilderness. General morals and manners of the Arabs before the advent of Islam were very low and fraught with weaknesses so Islam strived to elevate them up to a higher level so that Muslims could be distinguished on grounds of high morals and not on grounds of ignorance and waywardness. Due to lack of proper guidance and prevalence of immorality and ignorance, Arabs before the advent of Islam led a life similar to that of uncontrollable beasts and often breached law. Islam brought the change by creating a strong justice system one

Criminal Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Criminal Law - Coursework Example The first point of homicide is murder. The actus reus of mens rea was provided by Sir Edward Coke in the seventeenth century whereby he stated that the act is committed if the defendant ‘unlawfully killeth any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the Queen’s peace’. The definition of unlawfully does not include the killing of for example the use of reasonable force for self defence (Re a (Children)1. Clearly it can be seen that due to the substance overdose the child had died and therefore this is unlawful. As far as killeth is concerned that refers to the requirement that the acts of the defendant can be attributed to be a legal cause of death. Clearly the acts/omission of Thomas to inform his wife of the correct proportion had led to the death of the child. As far as killing of the reasonable creature in rerum natura is concerned it means that a human life is taken. Clearly this is satisfied as the child has died. Finally Queen’s peace means that it must have been within England and not the killing of an enemy at war. This can be seen to have been proved on the facts, as the child died in England.. Therefore on the facts the actus reus of murder has been satisfied. Intention discussed in Woollin and applied by Matthwes and Alleyne3 was described as defendants aim or purpose was to kill or cause grievous bodily harm or he know of such harm as being a virtually certain consequence of such an act, and any level below that of virtual certainty would not suffice. On the facts it is more than evident that Thomas clearly did not possess the intention nor was he virtually certain as the consequence. Thus it is quite clear that the mens rea for murder is not satisfied. As far as voluntary manslaughter is concerned it is not relevant to the facts at hand as there was neither provocation or was there any diminished responsibility. Thus voluntary manslaughter in respect of the facts will not be argued. The next step is that of